觀無量壽佛經義疏 3.176

3.176

"‘If there are sentient beings who receive and uphold the five precepts, uphold the eight abstinences, cultivate the various precepts, do not commit the five heinous sins, and have no various faults and afflictions,’" The five and eight are the precepts for the two lay assemblies. "Various precepts" encompasses the ten precepts and the full precepts of the five renunciant assemblies. The five precepts are: first, not killing; second, not stealing; third, not engaging in sexual misconduct; fourth, not lying; fifth, not drinking alcohol. The eight precepts add three: sixth, not adorning the body with flower garlands, necklaces, or fragrant oils; seventh, not sitting on high beds and not watching singing, dancing, or theatrical performances; eighth, not eating after midday. Severing all sexuality, whether deviant or proper, is called adding pure conduct. Because it makes the mind uniform and equal, it is called the eight equalities (zhai). Because it confines and closes the various sense faculties, it is also called the eight barriers. It is explained extensively as in the Vinaya. Yet these four kinds of precepts are upheld respectively by monastics or householders, or possessed fully together by renunciants. Since one upholds the pure precepts, one must be free from various faults. The five heinous sins are the greatest among faults, hence they are specifically highlighted. Second, showing the aspiration.