觀無量壽佛經義疏 3.230

3.230

"The Buddha addressed Ānanda and Vaidehī: ‘As for those of the lower grade of the lower birth:’" In the identification, for both the upper and middle tiers, [the text] merely states "The Buddha addressed..." at their upper grades; here only for the three lower grades is each individually identified because an evil-doer achieving rebirth goes against normal expectations and shocks the masses, being easy to doubt and hard to believe. Therefore, it is repeatedly identified and shown, with the intention of leading them to listen and accept it. Second, the explanation, which has four parts: first, committing evil causes; second, encountering conditions; third, attaining rebirth; fourth, benefits after rebirth. First, committing evil causes has two parts: first, recounting present karma; second, showing future retribution. First, recounting present karma.