阿彌陀經通贊疏 3.85

3.85

贊曰：第二歎化行濁世。而作是言，結集家敘也。釋迦，梵語，此云能仁，牟尼，此云寂默。得姓之緣如別處說。言甚難希有之事者，即是忍苦教化眾生之事也。能於娑婆國土者，梵云娑婆，此云堪忍，堪可忍受苦惱之事故也。五濁惡世者，略以五門：一、釋名；二、出體；三、對治；四、癈立；五、相攝。初、釋名者，濁是滓穢義，如食滓穢下惡可污，名之為濁。此言意說劫增之時，三災漸輕、煩惱轉薄，眾生向好、惡見漸微，命根轉長漸漸向勝。已上好可忻名之為清，眾生無苦化佛不出世。諸化佛出世必向劫減，小三災漸起煩惱轉厚，眾生向惡染見漸增，命根轉短漸漸向劣，下惡可厭故立濁名。五者是數，帶數釋也。次望別名，皆持業釋也。或以別揀總，亦依主釋。

The Praise states: The second praises the practice of converting [beings] in an impure world. 'Saying these words' is the narration of the compilers. 'Śākya' is Sanskrit; here it means 'capable of benevolence' (nengren). 'Muni' here means 'silent sage' (jimuo). The conditions for acquiring this clan name are as explained elsewhere. The words 'an extremely difficult and rare task' mean the task of enduring suffering to teach and transform sentient beings. 'Being able, within the Sahā world': in Sanskrit it is Sahā; here it means 'endurance', because He is capable of enduring suffering and afflictions. As for 'the evil world of the five turbidities', it is briefly [explained through] five gates: first, explaining the names; second, identifying the substance; third, antidotes; fourth, abandonment and establishment; fifth, mutual inclusion. First, explaining the names: 'turbidity' has the sense of dregs and defilement; like eating dregs and filth which are base, evil, and foul, it is named 'turbid'. The meaning of this statement is: during the kalpa of increase, the three disasters gradually lighten, defilements become progressively thinner, sentient beings turn toward goodness, wrong views gradually diminish, and the vital faculty becomes longer, gradually progressing toward superiority. The goodness above which is delightful is called 'pure'; sentient beings have no suffering, and transformation Buddhas do not appear in the world. The appearance of transformation Buddhas in the world must occur during the kalpa of decrease, when the minor three disasters gradually arise, defilements become progressively thicker, sentient beings turn toward evil, defiled views gradually increase, and the vital faculty becomes shorter, gradually degenerating toward inferiority; because what is base and evil is detestable, the name 'turbid' is established. 'Five' is a numeral; this is an appositional compound with a number (带数释). Next, when looking at the individual names, they are all karmadhāraya compounds (持业释). Or, taking the specific to qualify the general, they are also tatpuruṣa compounds (依主释).