妙法蓮華經玄贊 4.46

4.46

釋名者，濁者滓穢義，如食滓穢、下惡可污，名之為濁。此言意說，劫增之時三災漸輕煩惱轉薄，眾生向好、惡見漸微，命根轉長、漸漸向勝，以上好可欣名之為清。眾生無苦化佛不出世，諸化佛出世必向劫減，小災漸起煩惱轉厚，眾生向惡，染見漸盛、命根轉短，漸漸向劣、下惡可厭，故立濁名。五者是數，帶數釋也。釋別名者，皆持業釋；或以別簡總，亦依主釋。

Explaining the names: 'Defilement' (kaṣāya) has the meaning of dregs and impurity; like dregs and impurity in food, which are base, vile, and foul, it is called defilement. The intent of this statement is: during the kalpa of increase, the three calamities gradually lighten and afflictions become thinner; sentient beings tend toward good, evil views become slight, the life-faculty grows longer, and gradually tends toward superiority; being superior, fine, and worthy of delight, it is called purity. When sentient beings are free from suffering, transformation buddhas do not appear in the world. When transformation buddhas appear in the world, it must tend toward the kalpa of decrease: minor calamities gradually arise, afflictions become thicker, sentient beings tend toward evil, defiled views become rife, the life-faculty becomes shorter, and gradually tends toward inferiority, baseness, and vileness, worthy of aversion; therefore, the name 'defilement' is established. 'Five' is a number, an analysis with an appended numeral (dvigu-samāsa). In explaining the individual names, they are all appositional compounds (karmadhāraya-samāsa); or, distinguishing the particular from the general, they are also determinative compounds (tatpuruṣa-samāsa).