大般涅槃經集解 2.101

2.101

案僧亮曰：天木香者，名時物重物也。出家法施，在家財施。施具九事：財施有三，謂時物、重物、如法物也；心亦有三，謂先心歡喜、施時心淨、施已無悔也；地亦有三，謂不動、無相、無量定也。今但說六種，佛地不須說也。以佛力故者，謂以佛力成其重物，悅施者之心也。乃至蓋覆大千，皆類此也。優鉢羅華，色青。拘物頭，色赤。波頭摩，色不正，云似昌蒱花。分陀利，色白，生水中也。曼陀羅，是天華也，中國亦有，其色不定，如赤而黃、如青而紫、如綠而絳，種種色變。波利質多，在天上則種種色，天竺亦有，而華葉色並青綠。憍奢耶者，云蠶繭所作。東天竺有國名烏陀，粳米欲熟變為虫，虫即食米，人取蒸以成綿也。如此絲綿者，名摩呵跋多，此言大衣，甚貴也。蒭摩者，布衣也。迦陵伽者，國名，亦出細疊也。

Sengliang comments: Heavenly wood incenses are called seasonal and precious items. Renunciants give the gift of Dharma; householders give the gift of material wealth. Giving is endowed with nine items: material giving has three, meaning seasonal items, precious items, and items according to Dharma; the mind also has three, meaning the prior mind is joyful, the mind at the time of giving is pure, and after giving there is no regret; the grounds also have three, meaning immovable, signless, and immeasurable concentration. Here only six are spoken of; the Buddha ground need not be mentioned. 'Through the Buddha's power' means that through the Buddha's power their precious items were perfected, gladdening the hearts of the givers. Up to covering the trichiliocosm, all are similar to this. Utpala flowers are blue. Kumuda is red. Padma has an irregular color, said to resemble the calamus flower. Puṇḍarīka is white, growing in water. Māndārava is a heavenly flower, also found in the Central Country; its color is unfixed, such as red yet yellow, blue yet purple, or green yet crimson, undergoing various color changes. Pārijāta has various colors in heaven, and is also found in India, where its flowers and leaves are both blue-green. Kauśeya is said to be made of silkworm cocoons. In Eastern India there is a country named Oḍra, where non-glutinous rice turns into insects when about to ripen; the insects then eat the rice, and people take and steam them to make floss. Such silk floss is called mahāpaṭṭa, which here means 'great garment', and is extremely expensive. Kṣauma is linen cloth. Kaliṅga is the name of a country, which also produces fine cotton.