大般涅槃經集解 2.101

2.101

Sengliang comments: Heavenly wood incenses are called seasonal and precious items. Renunciants give the gift of Dharma; householders give the gift of material wealth. Giving is endowed with nine items: material giving has three, meaning seasonal items, precious items, and items according to Dharma; the mind also has three, meaning the prior mind is joyful, the mind at the time of giving is pure, and after giving there is no regret; the grounds also have three, meaning immovable, signless, and immeasurable concentration. Here only six are spoken of; the Buddha ground need not be mentioned. 'Through the Buddha's power' means that through the Buddha's power their precious items were perfected, gladdening the hearts of the givers. Up to covering the trichiliocosm, all are similar to this. Utpala flowers are blue. Kumuda is red. Padma has an irregular color, said to resemble the calamus flower. Puṇḍarīka is white, growing in water. Māndārava is a heavenly flower, also found in the Central Country; its color is unfixed, such as red yet yellow, blue yet purple, or green yet crimson, undergoing various color changes. Pārijāta has various colors in heaven, and is also found in India, where its flowers and leaves are both blue-green. Kauśeya is said to be made of silkworm cocoons. In Eastern India there is a country named Oḍra, where non-glutinous rice turns into insects when about to ripen; the insects then eat the rice, and people take and steam them to make floss. Such silk floss is called mahāpaṭṭa, which here means 'great garment', and is extremely expensive. Kṣauma is linen cloth. Kaliṅga is the name of a country, which also produces fine cotton.