大般涅槃經集解 52.12

52.12

Sengliang states: Due to recollection, concentration is accomplished. The first four are the dhyānas, and the last one is wisdom. Possessing these four dharmas, one departs from the suffering of fractional [samsāra]. Sengzong states: First, 'knowing-concentration' refers to dhyāna-concentration. From 'using sound as a thorn to arouse the mind of perception' onward, it sequentially explains the various dhyānas. 'Tranquil concentration' means that in the second dhyāna, concentration is steadfast and not disturbed by initial or sustained thought; the various consciousnesses are extinguished, making it tranquil concentration. 'Physical and mental bliss' refers to the fulfillment of the bliss-limb in the third dhyāna. 'Blissless' means that from the fourth dhyāna up to the stage of neither perception nor non-perception, there are no marks of the four feelings. Based on these four concentrations, one can produce the Śūraṅgama [samādhi]. Baoliang states: In the fourth group there are five things: First is called 'knowing-concentration', as concentration in the first dhyāna has not yet avoided initial and sustained thought, hence it receives the name 'knowing'. Second, 'tranquil concentration', is where in the second dhyāna initial and sustained thought have already been extinguished, the mind's thoughts turn quiet, and external conditions are difficult to stir, hence it is called 'tranquil concentration'. Third, 'concentration experiencing bliss', is because the second dhyāna is still carried away by joy, not yet like the third dhyāna where surging joy has already been severed and body and mind are serene and peaceful, hence it receives the name 'experiencing bliss'. Fourth, 'blissless concentration', is where in the fourth dhyāna bliss is extinguished and there are no longer discriminative thoughts, taking neutral feeling as its essence, hence it is called 'blissless concentration'. If one can attain these four concentrations, forget marks amidst conditions, accord with the two truths—the ultimate and the conventional—and exhaust the depths of wisdom and understanding, it is called the Śūraṅgama Samādhi.