大般涅槃經集解 67.86

67.86

Sengliang states: Heat extends through the three realms and comprises seventy-three kinds of persons. Mentioning only the form realm clarifies that it is not possessed by all. The six aspects are impermanence, suffering, cause, origination, arising, and condition. Sengzong states: It is not that the desire realm categorically cannot attain the contemplation of heat; rather, because they are few, it says 'not'. This reply is made to refute his challenge that all possess it. Baoliang states: One must attain the concentration of higher realms before one can cultivate the dharma of heat. Why so? Because the stage of concentration is in the higher realms; it is not that the desire realm is incapable while the form realm alone is capable. Below, the seventy-three persons are set forth, who across the three realms are all capable of cultivating the contemplation of heat. Another explanation: linking the cause by means of the fruit, the desire realm directly cultivates and restrains body and speech, attaining the pleasant fruit of humans and gods, which is called the retribution of bodily action. In the form realm the mind is tranquil, not dispersing into external conditions, which is called the retribution of mental action. Hence we know it is a dharma of higher fruits. Saying that there is concentration in the desire realm refers to the upāya of the fundamental dhyāna concentration. Only sharp-rooted people are capable of taking this to enter the undefiled. Although the form realm has dhyāna concentration that can produce the dharma of heat, they must be internal disciples and not externalists. If one completes the sixteen aspects, only then is the dharma of heat perfected; externalists can only cultivate two of the sixteen aspects and the four under the initial gate of suffering—how could they perfect the contemplation of the dharma of heat?