大般涅槃經集解 68.4

68.4

Sengliang states: Ending the lower three grades of desire-realm fetters is called ‘having moved on, dwelling’; the upper two realms are called ‘dwelling’. Second, those attached to the form and formless realms: not being extinguished in the present life, all are persons traveling upward, generically situated in the stage of dwelling. There should be the term ‘moving on’ here; it is likely an omission in the text. If not so, there would ultimately be no explanation for ‘parinirvāṇa while moving on’ below. Five kinds: practice having slow and rapid, it is divided into five kinds. Seven kinds: dividing five into six, which is insufficient to make eight, because among the seven there are those with identical names. Sengzong states: Having severed the cultivation-defilements of the desire realm completely, one is born in the higher stages, receives superior retribution, and attaches to the taste of dhyāna; therefore one dwells. Regarding the anāgāmin having two kinds: two kinds are preliminarily set up, and the text below explains them in detail. One who attains anāgāmin in the present life, having sharp faculties, advances in practice and immediately attains arhatship; second, having escaped suffering, one attaches to pleasant retribution, dwelling in dhyāna and undergoing rebirth. Regarding the anāgāmin having five kinds: from here below, it broadly explains the anāgāmin. Baoliang states: Expounding the Dharma according with suitability, the portals of teaching differ: either two, five, six, or seven, all corresponding to what is elicited at a given time. Now initially opening two portals: the first is one who enters parinirvāṇa in the present life; the second is from the intermediate existence upward, all generically called ‘upstreamers’; this also subsumes the stages of the anāgāmin completely. The next five portals: from the intermediate existence upward, those who undergo actual birth in the first dhyāna are divided into four persons. After undergoing actual birth in the first dhyāna, they later change retributions and depart. The second dhyāna is also generally addressed as upstreamers; although there are five names, they also subsume completely. The next six portals: five are as above, adding the first person from the previous two portals to make six. The seven portals: also as above, taking those born in the form realm who delight in concentration. Although there are these differences among the four portals, subsuming them under a single portal leaves nothing out.