大般涅槃經義記 1.113

1.113

自下第二明他方眾雲集獻供。彼他方眾何故至此？汎釋有三：一自為故來，欲來此處供養請法，供養起福，請法生智，故下文言「汝持此飯奉獻彼佛，并可禮敬，請決所疑。」何不即於彼方佛所供養請法，而來至此？於此佛所有宿緣故，如說《大品》，普明遠來，如是等也。二為他故來，於中有二：一為此土眾生故來，此土眾生應見彼來，生善根故；二為彼土眾生故來，彼土眾生於此佛所有宿因緣，應見生善，德力微劣，莫能自運，故彼菩薩導引使來。故下無邊身中持彼無量眾生令來至此。此是第二為他故來。三為影響顯法故來，文中宣說四方無量無邊身來，先列東方，文別有六：一列彼國及佛名字、二彰彼佛告無邊身令來至此、三無邊身奉命至此、四到已獻供、五如來不受、六不果却住。就初段中，言「東方」者，示其所在。「去此無量」，彰其遠近。「土名意樂」，列彼土名。「佛號空」下，彰彼佛名。虛空別名，如來、應等是其通號，諸佛皆有此二名字。化身須別，故立別名；實德須顯，故立通稱。通稱有十，如下廣釋。

From here on, the second [major division] clarifies that assemblies from other realms gathered like clouds to present offerings. Why did those assemblies from other realms arrive here? Generally speaking, there are three explanations: First, they came for their own sake: wishing to come to this place to make offerings and request the Dharma—making offerings generates merit, and requesting the Dharma generates wisdom. Therefore, the text below states: 'Take this rice, present it to that Buddha, and you may pay homage and request resolution of your doubts.' Why did they not make offerings and request the Dharma directly in the presence of the Buddha of their own realm, but came here? Because they had past conditions with this Buddha, just as when the *Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā* was preached, Universal Radiance came from afar, and other such instances. Second, they came for the sake of others, within which there are two [aspects]: First, they came for the sake of sentient beings of this land, because sentient beings of this land, seeing them arrive, would produce wholesome roots. Second, they came for the sake of sentient beings of that land: sentient beings of that land had past causes and conditions with this Buddha and should produce wholesomeness upon seeing him, but their power of virtue was weak and inferior, and they could not transport themselves, so that bodhisattva guided and led them to come. Therefore, below, the Bodhisattva Boundless Body brings those immeasurable sentient beings to arrive here. This is the second, coming for the sake of others. Third, they came to resonate and manifest the Dharma: the text proclaims that immeasurable and boundless bodies from the four directions came. It first lists the eastern direction, in which the text has six distinct parts: first, listing the names of that land and its Buddha; second, revealing that that Buddha instructed Boundless Body to come here; third, Boundless Body receiving the command and arriving here; fourth, having arrived, presenting the offering; fifth, the Tathāgata not accepting it; sixth, being unsuccessful and standing back. In the first section, 'eastern direction' indicates its location. 'Immeasurably distant from here' manifests its distance. 'The land is named Delighting the Mind' lists the name of that land. From 'The Buddha is titled Emptiness' onward, it manifests the name of that Buddha. 'Emptiness' is the particular name; 'Tathāgata', 'Arhat', and so on are the common titles. All Buddhas have these two kinds of names. The transformation body must be distinguished, so a particular name is established; the true virtue must be revealed, so common titles are established. There are ten common titles, as explained extensively below.