大般涅槃經義記 2.189

2.189

就初難中，「若有男女」假舉問人，「作是言」下假舉問辭，「如來無常」是總難也。「云何知」下廣顯無常，先問、後辯。辯中有五：初一復次舉佛昔說有餘之滅，難佛無常；第二復次舉佛昔說無餘之滅，難佛無常；次二復次重舉昔日有餘之滅，難佛無常；下一復次雙舉有餘、無餘二滅，難佛無常。初中先舉如來昔言，於中初法、次喻、後合；「云何」已下約之結難，難破無常。

In the first objection, "if there are men or women" hypothetically introduces the questioner; from "make such a statement" downward hypothetically introduces the text of the objection; "the Tathāgata is impermanent" is the general objection. From "how is it known?" downward, it extensively reveals impermanence, first asking and then discerning. In the discerning there are five: the first point cites the Buddha's former teaching on cessation with remainder to challenge the Buddha with impermanence; the second point cites the Buddha's former teaching on cessation without remainder to challenge the Buddha with impermanence; the next two points reiterate the former cessation with remainder to challenge the Buddha with impermanence; the last point cites both cessations—with remainder and without remainder—to challenge the Buddha with impermanence. In the first, it first cites the Tathāgata's former words, wherein first is the dharma, next the simile, and then the application; from "how so?" downward, it concludes the objection based on this, challenging and asserting impermanence.