大般涅槃經義記 2.216

2.216

次釋涅槃，「言涅槃者名無瘡疣」，自利以釋。瘡疣是漏，自無諸漏故名涅槃。「譬如人」下，化他以釋，先喻、後合。喻中有二：一閻浮施化喻，「如人」喻彼閻浮眾生，起惑切己名「毒箭射」，流轉生死名「多受苦」，逢佛聖師名「遇良醫」。佛教斷惑名為「拔箭」，勸修道法名「傅妙藥」，令出生死名為「離苦」，得大涅槃名「受安樂」。二餘方現化喻，此方感盡餘方現化名「遊城聚」，有惑斯救故言「隨有瘡疣之處即往療治」。下次合之，先合初喻，「如來亦爾為大醫王」合前良醫。「見閻浮提苦惱眾生」合如有人被婬、怒等合前箭射，受大苦切合多受苦。「為說大乘」合傅妙藥，為拔毒箭令離苦等略而不合。「療治此」下合其後喻，「復至他方」合遊城等，「諸有毒處」合上隨有瘡疣之處，「作佛為治」合往其所為療眾苦，「故名大般」總以結之。

Next, explaining nirvāṇa: "What is called nirvāṇa is named being free from sores and warts," explaining it in terms of self-benefit. Sores and warts are outflows; being personally free from all outflows is therefore called nirvāṇa. From "Just as a person..." onward explains it in terms of transforming others, first with an analogy and then the application. In the analogy there are two parts: first, the analogy of bestowing transformation in Jambudvīpa: "just as a person" is an analogy for those sentient beings of Jambudvīpa; giving rise to afflictions that pierce oneself is called "shot by a poisoned arrow"; wandering in saṃsāra is called "suffering much pain"; encountering the Buddha, the noble teacher, is called "meeting a good physician." The Buddha's teaching to sever afflictions is called "extracting the arrow"; exhorting them to cultivate the path of dharma is called "applying wonderful medicine"; causing them to escape saṃsāra is called "leaving suffering"; attaining Great Nirvāṇa is called "experiencing peace and joy." Second, the analogy of manifesting transformation in other regions: when conditions in this realm are exhausted, manifesting transformation in other regions is called "traveling through cities and settlements"; where there is affliction there is rescue, hence it is said "wherever there are sores and warts, he immediately goes to treat them." Below, he applies it: first applying the first analogy: "The Tathāgata likewise is a great king of physicians" applies to the good physician above. "Seeing the suffering and afflicted sentient beings of Jambudvīpa" applies to just as there is a person; being afflicted by lust, anger, and so forth applies to being shot by arrows above; undergoing great suffering and torment applies to suffering much pain. "Preaching the Mahāyāna for them" applies to applying wonderful medicine; extracting the poisoned arrow and causing them to leave suffering and so forth are abbreviated and not applied. From "Having treated this..." onward applies the latter analogy: "again going to other regions" applies to traveling through cities and settlements and so forth; "all places where there is poison" applies to wherever there are sores and warts above; "becoming a buddha to treat them" applies to going to their place to treat their many sufferings; "therefore it is called Mahāparinirvāṇa" concludes it as a whole.