大般涅槃經義記 3.188

3.188

初中，「如上四人應依」問前起後，下佛答之，「如我所說應當依止」正答前問。「何以」下釋，以有四魔惑亂眾生，是故必須依仗四依。「何等」已下辯出四魔，先問、後辯。餘處多說煩惱、陰、死及與天魔而為四種，是中唯就天魔說四。四相云何？一義分別，魔及弟子相對為二，所說經律復以為二，合為四種。四中，前二是其魔、人，後二魔、法。舉人答上「云何知魔為眾留難」，舉法答上「佛說、魔說云何別知」。又更分別，四種皆悉就人以說，說經魔一、說律魔二、受經魔三、受律魔四。

In the first [part], "As the above four persons should be relied upon..." asks about the preceding to introduce the succeeding; below, the Buddha answers it: "As I have taught, you should rely [upon them]," directly answering the preceding question. From "Why..." downward is the explanation: because there are four māras that delude and confuse sentient beings, one must therefore depend on the four reliances. From "What are..." downward, it identifies the four māras, first asking and then analyzing. Other places mostly speak of afflictions, skandhas, death, and devaputra-māra as the four kinds, but here the four are spoken of solely with respect to devaputra-māra. What are their four characteristics? In one interpretation, Māra and his disciples form two in contrast, and the sūtras and vinaya they preach form another two, combining into four kinds. Among the four, the first two are the māra-person, and the latter two are the māra-dharma. Adducing persons answers the question above, "How does one know that Māra creates obstructions for the assembly?"; adducing dharmas answers the question above, "How does one distinguish between what the Buddha taught and what Māra taught?" In another interpretation, all four kinds are spoken of in terms of persons: the māra who preaches sūtras is the first, the māra who preaches vinaya is the second, the māra who receives sūtras is the third, and the māra who receives vinaya is the fourth.