大般涅槃經義記 3.334

3.334

第三段中，偈文有三：初之一偈牒佛上言，明不知損；其次一偈明己不知，請佛斷疑；末後一偈明佛能知，請佛宣說。就初偈中，「如佛所說，愚者不知」牒佛上言，如來向前〈四諦章〉中宣說愚人不知道諦，於道諦中不知三寶常住不變謂是滅法，以不知故輪轉生死，故今牒之，明己不知。請佛斷中，初有半偈明己不知，迦葉現今身為俗人名優婆塞，但歸別相，未歸一體，無真歸行，故曰假名。「不知真義」顯假名相，不知一體真三歸義，以不知故當有所損，唯願斷疑，正請宣說。明佛知中，「如來大智」明佛能知，「唯垂」已下請佛宣說，「唯垂分別」總請宣說，「願說寶藏」別請宣說。

In the third section, the verse text has three parts: the first verse takes up the Buddha's earlier words, explaining the harm of not knowing; the next verse explains that he himself does not know, requesting the Buddha to sever doubt; the final verse explains that the Buddha is capable of knowing, requesting the Buddha to explain. In the first verse, "As the Buddha has spoken, the foolish do not know" takes up the Buddha's earlier words; earlier, in the "Section on the Four Truths," the Tathāgata explained that foolish people do not know the truth of the path, and within the truth of the path they do not know that the Three Jewels are permanent and unchanging, taking them to be dharmas of cessation; because they do not know, they transmigrate in saṃsāra; hence he takes it up now, explaining that he himself does not know. In requesting the Buddha to sever [doubt], the first half-verse explains that he himself does not know: Kāśyapa is currently a layperson called an upāsaka, only taking refuge in the distinct aspects and not yet taking refuge in the single substance, lacking the practice of true refuge, and is therefore called a provisional designation. "Not knowing the true meaning" reveals the mark of the provisional designation: not knowing the true meaning of the three refuges of a single substance, and because of not knowing there will be harm; he only wishes for the severing of doubt, properly requesting the explanation. In clarifying the Buddha's knowledge, "The Tathāgata's great wisdom" explains that the Buddha is capable of knowing; "May you deign..." and below requests the Buddha to explain; "May you deign to distinguish" requests the explanation in general; "May you speak of the jewel treasury" requests the explanation in particular.