大般涅槃經義記 8.230

8.230

第四番中，先辯、後結。辯中，修習十二頭陀名為少欲。十二頭陀，經說多種。然今且依一相論之。處中有六：一住空處，餘經論中名蘭若處，去村五百弓名為空處；二端坐不臥；三在樹下；四在塚間；五在露地；六隨有草處而坐其上。食中有三：一者乞食；二隨得為足，餘經論中名一揣食，亦名節量食；三名一坐食，亦名一食。衣中有三：一畜三衣；二糞掃衣，他所棄衣名為糞掃；三著毳衣，餘經論中說為納衣。鳥獸細毛，名之為毳。此之十二，如別章中具廣分別。修此十二名為少欲，行此不悔說為知足。次五可解。言「離七漏名解脫」者，廣如上說。見漏、修漏、根、惡、親近、受、念七也。讚解脫中，所列十相少異餘處。上下多說：遠離五塵、生、住、滅法并男女相，以之為十。此中說離生、老、病、死、五塵、無常以為十也。無常猶是生住滅耳。

In the fourth round: first it explains, and later it concludes. In the explanation, cultivating the twelve dhūtas is called 'few desires'. The sūtras explain the twelve dhūtas in many ways. However, for now we will discuss them according to a single format. Regarding place, there are six: (1) dwelling in an empty place—called an araṇya in other sūtras and treatises, five hundred bow-lengths away from a village is called an empty place; (2) sitting upright without lying down; (3) under a tree; (4) among graves; (5) in the open; (6) sitting on grass wherever it is found. Regarding food, there are three: (1) begging for food; (2) being content with whatever is obtained—called in other sūtras and treatises 'one-morsel food' or 'measured food'; (3) called 'eating at a single sitting' or 'one meal'. Regarding clothing, there are three: (1) keeping three robes; (2) refuse-rag robes—clothing discarded by others is called refuse-rags; (3) wearing garments of fine animal hair—described in other sūtras and treatises as patched robes. The fine down of birds and beasts is called cui. These twelve are differentiated in full detail as in a separate chapter. Cultivating these twelve is called 'few desires'; practicing this without regret is called 'contentment'. The next five can be understood. Where it says, 'free from the seven outflows is called liberation,' it is as extensively explained above: the seven are the outflows of seeing, the outflows of cultivation, the faculties, evil, intimacy, reception, and mindfulness. In praising liberation, the ten characteristics listed differ slightly from other passages. Throughout, it is often said: being far removed from the five dusts, the dharmas of arising, abiding, and ceasing, and the marks of male and female, taking these as ten. Here it speaks of being free from birth, aging, sickness, death, the five dusts, and impermanence as the ten. Impermanence is simply arising, abiding, and ceasing.