大般涅槃經義記 10.8

10.8

The above is the first part, which generally distinguishes these persons; below, with respect to these persons, it distinguishes regression and reveals abiding. "Incompleteness has two kinds" repeats what precedes to open what follows: lacking the above five factors of faith and the rest. "Increasing evil and increasing good" lists the two names. Below, it distinguishes their characteristics, first explaining increasing evil, emerging temporarily and submerging again. Within this, it first explains the practices that increase evil; from "who are they" downward identifies the persons who increase evil; from "like a large fish" downward presents a simile to repeat it. In the former part, there is an initial question, subsequent distinction, and final conclusion. Within the distinction there are two parts: 1. The causes of increasing evil; from "because the three karmas are impure, therefore increasing" downward explains experiencing evil results. Within the causes there are three: First, it explains that the person is foolish, arrogant, and conceited. "This person does not see their own incompleteness" is foolishness. "Claiming that they are complete," etc., is arrogance and conceit. Second, from "therefore drawing near" onward, drawing near to bad friends, therefore evil dharmas increase. Within this, it first explains drawing near to bad friends; from "having drawn near" downward explains hearing wrong teachings; from "having heard, delighting" downward is generating attachment following what was heard; from "giving rise to arrogance" downward is practicing evil dharmas, giving rise to the defilement of arrogance, and largely committing karma. Third, from "due to negligence" onward, drawing near to householders, therefore evil dharmas increase. First drawing near to householders, next delighting in hearing talk of household affairs and departing from the homeless Dharma; from "by this cause" downward directly explains the increase of evil; "by this cause and condition evil dharmas increase" explains giving rise to defilements; "impurity of body and so forth" explains creating evil karma; the above are the causes of increasing evil. Experiencing the result is clear. The preceding is the practice of increasing evil; below it identifies the persons. "Who are they?" is the inquiry. "Namely Devadatta," etc., distinguishes in response to the question. Within this, the four assemblies are enumerated in order.