大般涅槃經義記 3.14

3.14

Next, their characteristics are distinguished. In explaining the first approach, it first cites the text and then explains it: The Buddha and the others are all permanent; applying names based on permanence, subsuming the intended meaning under the designation, it is therefore called unity of name. The meanings of the Buddha and the others are distinct; subsuming the designation under the intended meaning, it is called difference of meanings. From "this is named" onward is the conclusion. In explaining the second approach, it first cites the text and then explains it: The doctrinal aspects of the Buddha, Dharma, Saṅgha, and so forth are each different; applying names based on them, the names are also not the same, hence all four are different. "The Buddha is named Awakened" is the translation of the name, which is itself the explanation of the meaning. "The Dharma is named Unawakened" is neither a translation of the name nor an explanation of the meaning, but an expression distinguishing it from the Buddha. "The Saṅgha is named Harmony" translates the name and explains the meaning. "Nirvāṇa is named Liberation" is its explanation of meaning, not a translation of the name. "Emptiness is named Non-virtuous" is an expression of distinction, neither a translation nor an explanation. The empty space of dharma-nature is not the same as practicing virtue, hence it is named non-virtuous. "Unobstructed" distinguishes it from others and also distinguishes its characteristics. From "this is" onward is the conclusion.