大般涅槃經義記 3.22

3.22

In clarifying non-analogy, there are four questions and answers: First, Kāśyapa asks, "Is non-arising and non-ceasing liberation?" The Buddha answers that it is. Second, Kāśyapa grasps the analogy as identical to the Dharma: "If non-arising and non-ceasing were liberation, then empty space in the world is also without arising and ceasing, so it ought to be liberation." The Buddha answers that it is not so. Third, Kāśyapa asks, "Why is it not so?" The Tathāgata asks in turn, "Is the sound of a kalaviṅka identical to that of a crow or magpie?" Fourth, Kāśyapa replies correctly according to principle, and the Tathāgata praises him. In Kāśyapa's reply, "No" is the general answer. Below he explains it specifically, with four distinct clauses: First, "Comparing the sound of a crow or magpie to a jīvañjīvaka and the like, no comparison can be made," clarifies the inferior not matching the superior. Second, from "Kāśyapa said: A kalaviṅka..." downward, clarifies the superior meeting the inferior; within this, Kāśyapa first clarifies it surpassing the inferior, and next rebukes the Tathāgata, where from "no different..." downward reveals that the Buddha ought not [to make such a comparison]. Third, from "The Buddha and empty space..." downward, applies the analogy to reveal the Dharma. Fourth, from "The sound of a kalaviṅka can serve as an analogy for the Buddha..." downward, analyzes the analogy to reveal the Dharma. The kalaviṅka is an analogy for the Buddha, not for crows and magpies, revealing the wondrousness of its voice; because its voice is wondrous, it is used to liken to liberation. Not comparing it to empty space, the Buddha's praise can be understood.