大般涅槃經疏 13.14

13.14

「迦葉菩薩心大」下，即是大段第二大眾歡喜領解。初開章為二：一次第答問、二歡喜領解。今答問既竟，次大眾歡喜，文為二：一正領解、二現病結成。初又兩：一迦葉領解、二大眾領解。迦葉領又二：初領解讚歎、次迦葉更問功德。「爾時諸天世人」下，是第二大眾領解，又三：一大眾稱歎勸請、二如來止悲酬請、三大眾供養發心。初文四偈，為三：初一行標請；次兩行釋請，舉出家二人在家一人未至，不應入滅；後一行結請。如來止悲酬請兩行半，為二：初兩行酬請、次半行止悲。但初酬中二人云「阿難多聞士，自然能解了，是常及無常。」六卷云「觀如來兩足，自知常無常。」如來涅槃時，一足黑黮、一足光淨。光淨表法身常住，黑黮表迹應無常。「爾時大眾」下，第三大眾供養發心，又三：一供養、二發心、三進位，可見。

From "Bodhisattva Kāśyapa's mind greatly" onward is the second major section, in which the great assembly rejoices, comprehends, and understands. At the outset, the chapters were opened as two: first, answering the questions in sequence; second, rejoicing, comprehending, and understanding. Now that answering the questions has concluded, next the great assembly rejoices, and the text has two [parts]: first, directly comprehending and understanding; second, manifesting illness to conclude. The first also has two [parts]: (1) Kāśyapa's comprehension and understanding, and (2) the great assembly's comprehension and understanding. Kāśyapa's comprehension also has two [parts]: first, comprehending, understanding, and praising; next, Kāśyapa further inquires about merits. From "At that time the devas and people of the world" onward is the second [part], the great assembly's comprehension and understanding, which further has three [parts]: (1) the great assembly praises and entreats, (2) the Tathāgata ceases their grief and responds to the entreaty, and (3) the great assembly makes offerings and generates the resolve. The first passage of four verses has three [parts]: the first line introduces the entreaty; the next two lines explain the entreaty, raising that two renunciants and one layperson have not yet arrived and he should not enter extinction; the final line concludes the entreaty. The Tathāgata ceases grief and responds to the entreaty in two and a half lines, having two [parts]: the first two lines respond to the entreaty; the next half-line ceases grief. However, in the initial response regarding the two persons, it says: "Ānanda, a man of broad learning, naturally can understand what is permanent and impermanent." The six-fascicle version states: "Observing the Tathāgata's two feet, he naturally knows permanent and impermanent." When the Tathāgata entered nirvāṇa, one foot was black and dark, and one foot was bright and pure. The bright and pure represents the eternal abiding of the dharmakāya; the black and dark represents the impermanence of the traces and manifestations. From "At that time the great assembly" onward is the third [part], the great assembly making offerings and generating the resolve, which also has three [parts]: (1) making offerings, (2) generating the resolve, and (3) advancing in stage, which can be seen.