大般涅槃經疏 17.21

17.21

「善男子若人掘地」下，三酬其不墮問，又三：一更反問、二迦葉答，如文。「佛讚」下，第三正答，又三：一歎述、二簡內外諸殺、三會通所問。此初歎述。明惡心殺草尚得罪者，若無惡心，殺人無罪。「婆羅門法」下，次簡內外。初簡外殺，如文。「佛及菩薩」下，簡內。「善男子若有能殺」下，第三會通。言殺無罪者，下文云「施一闡提得千倍報，施一餓狗得百倍報。」而此中云殺闡提言無罪者，互明與奪。若據闡提現在無善，害之無罪。過去五戒感報人身，勝於畜生，故報千倍。

From "Good son, if a person digs the earth" onward is third, responding to his question about not falling [into hell], also in three parts: first, asking in return; second, Kāśyapa's answer, as in the text. From "The Buddha praised" onward is third, the answer proper, also in three parts: first, praising and expressing approval; second, distinguishing inner and outer killings; third, harmonizing and explaining the question. Here, the first praises and expresses approval. Clarifying that killing grass with an evil mind still incurs sin, whereas if there is no evil mind, killing a person incurs no sin. From "The law of the brāhmaṇas" onward is next, distinguishing inner and outer. First, distinguishing outer killing, as in the text. From "Buddhas and bodhisattvas" onward distinguishes inner. From "Good son, if there is one who can kill" onward is third, harmonizing and explaining. Saying that killing incurs no sin: the text below says, "Giving to an icchantika brings a thousandfold reward; giving to a starving dog brings a hundredfold reward." Yet here it says that killing an icchantika is without sin; this mutually clarifies conceding and taking away. If based on the icchantika presently lacking goodness, killing him is without sin. His past five precepts brought about the recompense of a human body, which is superior to an animal, hence the reward is a thousandfold.