大般涅槃經疏 33.12

33.12

「爾時世尊」下，第十外道。有人云：此章有三，與前小異，不止化外。一為付囑、二為降魔、三化須跋為付囑者。以說經竟，須付囑阿難。為降魔者，正法之障本由天魔，今以呪降令法無壅。為化須跋者，前諸外道恊邪難佛，佛降伏竟，須跋自恃不來，顧命阿難喚來得道。今明不然，皆化外道，詞異意同。何者？佛大慈無量，非但當時破執，亦使將來救邪，所以顧命阿難付囑流通。阿難現為魔羂，魔亦能羂障未來，故以神呪呪之，使二世無壅。須跋自很，表將來背化，遣阿難往召，表流通傳法。故須跋來而得道，表於將來咸得歸正。作此消文，化外義成，流通不失。

From "At that time the World-Honoured One" below, this is the tenth non-Buddhist. Some say: This section has three [purposes] and differs slightly from the preceding, not being restricted to transforming non-Buddhists: first, to entrust [the teaching]; second, to subdue Māra; third, to transform Subhadra. As for entrusting: because the exposition of the sūtra is completed, it must be entrusted to Ānanda. As for subduing Māra: obstacles to the true Dharma originate from the heavenly māras; now, by subduing them with a dhāraṇī, he ensures the Dharma meets no hindrance. As for transforming Subhadra: earlier, the various non-Buddhists combined in perversity to challenge the Buddha, and the Buddha having subdued them all, Subhadra relied on his own pride and did not come; [the Buddha] looked to Ānanda and commanded him to summon [Subhadra] to come and attain the path. We now clarify that this is not so: it is entirely to transform non-Buddhists; the words differ, but the intent is the same. Why is this? The Buddha's great friendliness is boundless: not only did he break attachments at that time, but he also caused future perversions to be saved; this is why he turned to command Ānanda with the entrustment and propagation. Ānanda was currently snared by Māra, and Māra could also snare and obstruct the future; therefore, [the Buddha] incanted with a divine dhāraṇī so that both present and future would meet no hindrance. Subhadra was obstinate, symbolizing those who turn their backs on transformation in the future; sending Ānanda to go and summon him symbolizes propagation and transmission of the Dharma. Therefore, Subhadra came and attained the path, symbolizing that in the future all will attain return to rectitude. Interpreting the text in this way, the meaning of transforming non-Buddhists is accomplished, and propagation is not lost.