三彌勒經疏 1.58

1.58

問：如是五人，得道次第云何？答：五人，律云「俱隣初悟之，頞鞞及十力迦葉次悟之，拔提摩訶男二人後悟之。」言俱隣者，即陳如。摩訶迦葉者，此云大飲光。《文殊問經》翻為大龜。大目健連者訛，今梵音摩訶沒特伽羅，此云大採菽氏，謂在山常採菉豆故。菉豆者，綠豆也。舍利弗者，梵音云奢利弗呾羅。弗呾羅者，此云子。奢利弗者，此云春鸎，亦曰鶖，今百舌鳥也，言尊者之德可重故。言眷屬者，即親屬。《十二由經》云「初成道第二年，為五人說法。第三年，化迦葉兄弟三人。第五年，度身子、目連也。」《分別功德論》云「佛法最大者謂陳如，最小者須跋陀，即過去兄弟六人也。」摩訶波闍以下，第二尼眾。梵云摩訶鉢剌闍鉢底，此云摩訶者反大，鉢剌闍反生，鉢底者反主。謂佛母摩耶死，而其佛小母命遷生主故，故稱姨母。古波闍波提，此云大愛道，皆訛也。比丘者，有五義：一怖魔、二乞士、三淨持戒、四淨命、五破惡。尼者女聲，梵云苾芻尼，然比丘尼者皆訛。

Question: What was the sequence in which these five men attained the path? Answer: Regarding the five men, the Vinaya states: 'Kauṇḍinya was enlightened first; Aśvajit and Daśabala-Kāśyapa were enlightened next; Bhadrika and Mahānāman, the two of them, were enlightened last.' 'Koli' (Kauṇḍinya) is Chenru. 'Mahākāśyapa' is rendered here as 'Great Drinker of Light'. The Sūtra of Mañjuśrī's Questions translates it as 'Great Turtle'. 'Da-mu-jian-lian' is an error; the Sanskrit pronunciation is now Mahāmaudgalyāyana, rendered here as 'Great Pulse-Gatherer Clan', because he constantly gathered mung beans in the mountains. 'Lùdòu' means green bean. 'Śāriputra' in Sanskrit pronunciation is Śāriputra. 'Putra' is rendered here as 'son'. 'Śāri' is rendered here as 'spring oriole', also called 'śāri bird', which is the modern shrike, meaning that the Venerable One's virtue was to be venerated. 'Retinue' means relatives. The Sūtra of Twelve Causes says: 'In the second year after first attaining the path, he preached the Dharma for the five men. In the third year, he converted the three Kāśyapa brothers. In the fifth year, he liberated Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana.' The Fenbie gongde lun says: 'The eldest in the Buddha's Dharma is Kauṇḍinya, and the youngest is Subhadra; they were six brothers in the past.' From 'Mahāprajā[patī]' onward is the second: the assembly of nuns. The Sanskrit is Mahāprajāpatī. Here, mahā is translated as 'great', prajā is translated as 'progeny' (life), and patī is translated as 'master' (lord). This means that after the Buddha's mother Māyā died, the Buddha's aunt took over the management of progeny, hence she is called the maternal aunt. The ancient Pishapati, rendered here as 'Great Way of Love', are all errors. 'Bhikṣu' has five meanings: first, frightening Māra; second, mendicant; third, purely upholding precepts; fourth, pure livelihood; fifth, destroying evil. 'Nī' is the feminine suffix; in Sanskrit it is bhikṣuṇī, but 'biqiuni' is an error.