注維摩詰經 3.119

3.119

[Kumāra]jīva says: 'Essentials of the Dharma' refers to all dharmas, which briefly stated are of two kinds: conditioned and unconditioned. Kātyāyana subsequently elaborated: the conditioned refers to the four non-permanences [impermanence, suffering, emptiness, non-self], and the unconditioned refers to the meaning of quiescent extinction. [Seng]zhao says: The Tathāgata constantly expounded briefly that conditioned dharmas are impermanent, suffering, empty, and non-self, and that unconditioned dharmas are quiescently extinct and unmoving. These two statements summarize all dharmas completely, hence he says 'briefly'. [Dao]sheng says: They serve as the ford to awakening, like going out through a door.