注維摩詰經 3.3

3.3

[Kumāra]jīva says: In the Qin language [Subhūti is translated as] Shanye (Good Karma); he is foremost in understanding emptiness. The reason Shanye visited the householder and incurred a defeat was that there was a reason he went, and also a cause for his defeat. Please permit a metaphor to explain it: it is like an expert archer who shoots and never misses a target; though light wings fly swiftly, they cannot soar above his lodging. Just so, Vimalakīrti's eloquence and wisdom are deep and penetrating, his speech never failing to meet the mark, so that among the five hundred arhats none dared peer into his doorway. Shanye believed his own wisdom was capable of penetrating deeply and his eloquence sufficient to respond to the occasion, and therefore went directly without doubt. This was his mindset in going. However, when he enters contemplation his mind accords with the mark of dharmas, but when he emerges from concentration his sentiments shift along with affairs; his incurring defeat and suffering humiliation was truly due to this. Because Shanye considered himself to have penetrated deeply while contradicting equality, the words of this chapter are sharp and the meaning profound. Since the śrāvakas do not fully possess all capacities, each has his partial ability, and because of this partial ability is called foremost; thus the five hundred disciples are all called foremost. Moreover, the four great śrāvakas above further possess an extraordinary virtue: when someone makes offerings to them, they can grant a retribution in the present life; hence they alone are called the four great śrāvakas. The other people lack this virtue, so they are called foremost but are not named 'great.' [Seng]zhao says: Subhūti is in the Qin language Shanjī (Good Auspiciousness); among the disciples he is foremost in understanding emptiness.