注維摩詰經 3.341

3.341

[Kumāra]jīva says: "[The five turbidities are] the turbidity of the kalpa, the turbidity of sentient beings, the turbidity of afflictions, the turbidity of views, and the turbidity of lifespan. A large number of years is called a yojana-equivalent, and many of these make a kalpa. A great kalpa is like the Bhadrakalpa. Within a great kalpa there are small kalpas filled with many evil events, collectively called the turbidity of the kalpa. When good people are exhausted and purely evil beings remain, that is the turbidity of sentient beings. Aside from wrong views, when various afflictions such as the three poisons become extremely severe contrary to reason, capable of obstructing the noble path and inevitably leading to evil destinies, such fetters are the turbidity of afflictions. Setting aside the other four views, when one adopts solely wrong views—slandering that there is no cause and effect, no sin and blessing, nor noble path and nirvāṇa—this is called the turbidity of views. At the beginning of a great kalpa, human lifespan is immeasurable; at that time no buddha appears in the world. Later, lifespans gradually decrease, and when human lifespan is sixty thousand years, Krakucchanda Buddha appears in the world. Down to when it is one hundred and twenty years, Śākyamuni Buddha appears in the world. From then on it gradually decreases down to a human lifespan of three years. A lifespan of one hundred and twenty years or less is collectively called the turbidity of lifespan. When Maitreya is born, the small kalpa begins anew, and human lifespan will be longer again."