維摩義記 4.45

4.45

問曰：若是眾生法報，何可代受？由其菩薩住苦教化，彼得出離，故名代受。又復繫囚鞭杖等苦，有可代處，菩薩亦代。

Question: If it is the karmic retribution of sentient beings, how can it be taken on their behalf? Because the bodhisattva abides in suffering to teach and transform them, enabling them to attain escape, it is called "taking it on their behalf." Furthermore, with regard to suffering such as imprisonment, flogging, and caning, where substitution is possible, the bodhisattva also substitutes for them.