維摩義記 3.79

3.79

Question: Dharmas have one, two, three, up to many; overturning them to explain the principle, the principle ought to be neither one, nor two, nor three, up to [not] many. For what reason is it specifically called "non-duality"? Explanation: "Not one" up to "not many" are spoken of in places in the sūtras. Thus the Nirvāṇa [Sūtra] says: "Apart from the mark of a single dharma, it cannot be calculated." But now we merely clarify the principle in terms of the single gate of non-duality, and the rest are omitted from discussion. Truly, because "two" is the common designation for "this" and "that," non-duality is spoken of specifically in opposition [to it]. Furthermore, "two" is the beginning of distinct dharmas; now, to clarify that the essential nature of the principle is without distinction, non-duality is spoken of specifically in opposition to "two." Although non-duality is spoken of, not one, not three, up to not many are all included within it. What does this mean? If one establishes the characteristic of one, contrasting one with many is precisely two; overturning and opposing those two is therefore named non-duality. If one establishes the characteristic of many, contrasting many with few is again precisely two; overturning and opposing those two is therefore named non-duality. Furthermore, if one establishes the characteristic of many, opposing them in pairs among the many dharmas is also precisely two; overturning and opposing those two is therefore named non-duality. For this reason, dispelling one and dispelling many are all included in non-duality. If many and few are like this, dispelling defilement and dispelling purity, dispelling bondage and dispelling liberation, dispelling existence and dispelling non-existence are all similar to this. If one establishes the characteristic of existence, contrasting existence with non-existence is precisely two; overturning and opposing those two is named non-duality. If one establishes the characteristic of non-existence, contrasting non-existence with existence is still two; overturning and opposing those two is named non-duality. If one definitively establishes the characteristic of neither existence nor non-existence, contrasting neither existence nor non-existence with existence and non-existence is again two; overturning and opposing those two is named non-duality. Up to establishing the characteristic of the gate of non-duality, non-duality contrasting with duality is again two; overturning and opposing those two is named non-duality. Therefore, in non-duality, all that have characteristics are dispelled, and all that have principle are gathered; hence it is specifically named this.