維摩經玄疏 3.56

3.56

三、四宗明義，若比古今，實為富博；一家往望，攝佛法意，猶大有所闕，今採諸經論，立四教義，一教各有四門，四教合有十六門，即是十六宗明義也。彼因緣、假名兩宗，似此所明三藏教有、空二門相參，猶闕昆勒門，及非有非空門也；彼不真宗明如幻化，似與此通教有門相參，餘三門彼所不明；彼真宗似與此別教有門相參，三門彼所不明。是則，四宗明義，但得與三教四門相參，圓教四門，彼所不明；四教猶有十二門，彼四宗所不明也。又，護身法師用五宗明義，四宗如前，長立法界宗，似與此圓教有門相參；四教猶有十一門，彼所不明也。耆闍法師用六宗明義，三宗似與此三門相參，如上分別，彼真宗與此通教空門相參，彼常宗似與此別教有門相參，彼圓宗似與此圓教有門相參；此四教猶有十門，彼六宗所不明也。故知，四宗、五宗、六宗，雖言古今已來，明義富博；今家往望，攝佛教門，猶有所闕也。

Third, in clarifying the doctrine by four tenets, if compared to [theories of] ancient and modern times, it is indeed rich and broad. Yet when viewed from the perspective of our lineage, in comprehending the intention of the Buddha's Dharma it still has major omissions. Now, drawing from various sūtras and treatises, we establish the doctrine of the four teachings: each teaching has four gates, and the four teachings together have sixteen gates, which constitute sixteen tenets clarifying the doctrine. Those two tenets of causes and conditions and nominal designation correspond to the two gates of existence and emptiness clarified here in the Tripiṭaka teaching, but they still lack the Kunle gate and the gate of neither-existence-nor-emptiness. Their tenet of the non-true elucidates being like an illusion or transformation, which corresponds to the existence gate of this shared teaching, while its remaining three gates are left unexplained by them. Their tenet of the true corresponds to the existence gate of this distinctive teaching, while the other three gates are left unexplained by them. Thus, the four tenets in clarifying the doctrine can only correspond to four gates across three teachings; the four gates of the perfect teaching are left unexplained by them. Across the four teachings there are still twelve gates that are unexplained by those four tenets. Furthermore, Dharma Master Hushen used five tenets to clarify the doctrine: the four tenets are as before, and he additionally established the tenet of the dharmadhātu, which corresponds to the existence gate of this perfect teaching; yet across the four teachings there are still eleven gates left unexplained by him. Dharma Master Qishe used six tenets to clarify the doctrine: three tenets correspond to these three gates as distinguished above; their tenet of the true corresponds to the emptiness gate of this shared teaching; their tenet of the permanent corresponds to the existence gate of this distinctive teaching; their tenet of the perfect corresponds to the existence gate of this perfect teaching. Across these four teachings there are still ten gates unexplained by those six tenets. Therefore, we know that although the four tenets, five tenets, and six tenets are said since ancient and modern times to clarify the doctrine richly and broadly, when viewed from our lineage's perspective, in comprehending the gates of the Buddha's teaching they still have omissions.