維摩經玄疏 5.19

5.19

所言經者，經由為義，經由聖人心口，故稱為經。悉檀致教，經由如來心口，故名經也。又云「前聖、後聖，莫不經此悉檀所說之教，而得成道」，又云「經者，訓法訓常」，法云可軌，常則難可改變，悉檀設教，此教能成三利，必定可軌，故云「訓法」也；悉檀致教，若天、若魔、若梵、若諸沙門，及婆羅門，乃至餘眾，無能改易，故云「常」也。

What is called jing takes "passing through" as its meaning; passing through the minds and mouths of the sages, it is therefore called jing. The siddhāntas conveying the teaching pass through the mind and mouth of the Tathāgata, and are therefore called jing. It is also said: "None of the former sages or later sages failed to pass through this teaching spoken via the siddhāntas and thereby attain the path." It is also said: "Jing is defined as model and defined as constant." A model means it can be conformed to; constant means it is difficult to alter. When the siddhāntas set up the teaching, this teaching can accomplish the three benefits and can definitely be conformed to, so it is said to be "defined as model"; when the siddhāntas convey the teaching, whether gods, Māras, Brahmās, or śramaṇas, and brāhmaṇas, or even the rest of the multitudes, none can alter it, so it is called "constant".