維摩經玄疏 2.49

2.49

Second, in explaining the differences in contemplation-doors, these are the two contemplation-doors of analytical reduction and direct embodiment. As for the 'entering the twofold emptiness of persons and phenomena by analytically reducing the provisional' explained in the śrāvaka sūtras, this is like taking a hand that is truly empty to be a fist with fingers. As for the Mahāyāna 'entering the twofold emptiness of persons and phenomena by directly embodying the provisional', this is like taking a fist with fingers in a mirror image to be empty. Analytically reducing the provisional to enter emptiness is called the clumsy crossing; directly embodying the provisional to enter emptiness is called the skillful crossing. Therefore the Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa provides the metaphor of the skillful and clumsy physicians. Now, to explain this metaphor: it is like an eye disease being one, while the treatments are skillful or clumsy. In the clumsy case, with needles and medicines, it is cured only after severe pain. In the skillful case, through incantations, it subsides naturally without pain. The subsiding and curing are identical, and their seeing of colors does not differ. Therefore the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā says: 'He who can teach this dependent origination / Excellently extinguishes all conceptual proliferations.' The clumsy crossing is an inexcellent extinction; the skillful crossing is spoken of as an excellent extinction.