維摩經略疏 1.100

1.100

「菩薩」者，此下第二辨菩薩眾證成同聞。何但聲聞，亦有大菩薩及三萬二千親承演說，非謬傳也。文為五：一明類、二辨數、三歎德、四累名、五總結。初明人類者，夫大乘行人通名菩薩，是大乘行人之氣類也。具存西音應云菩提薩埵，什師恐繁，略提埵字但云菩薩。翻譯不同，《阿毘曇》云「自覺覺他名為菩薩」。有云，菩提云無上道，薩埵名大心，謂無上道大心。此人發大心，為眾生求無上道，故名菩薩。安師云開士、始士。又翻云大道心眾生，古本翻為高士。既異翻不定，須留梵音。今依《大論》釋菩提名佛道、薩埵名成眾生，用諸佛道成就眾生，故名菩提薩埵。又菩提是自行、薩埵是化他，自修佛道又用化他，故名菩薩。若不如是，己所修持為無慧利。但三乘同名菩提，二乘不名薩埵者，無悲利物故不受斯稱。是則雖略二字，異乎二乘，其義宛然。藏通見真通名為道，不名薩埵。別圓見真如磁石吸鐵，非但止名菩提，亦即得名薩埵。故《大經》云「一實諦者即是大乘。若非大乘，非一實諦。」

Regarding "Bodhisattva": this is the second part below, clarifying the assembly of bodhisattvas to confirm and establish their shared hearing. Not only were there śrāvakas, but there were also great bodhisattvas, thirty-two thousand in number, who personally received and heard the discourse; it is not a mistaken transmission. The text has five parts: first, clarifying their kind; second, distinguishing their number; third, praising their virtues; fourth, enumerating their names; fifth, a general conclusion. First, clarifying their kind: practitioners of the Great Vehicle are generally called bodhisattvas; this is the class and kind of Great Vehicle practitioners. Preserving the Western sound in full, it should be called bodhisattva. Master Kumārajīva, fearing verbosity, abbreviated the syllable -sattva and simply said púsà. Translations differ: the Abhidharma says, "Awakening oneself and awakening others is called a bodhisattva." Some say bodhi means the unexcelled Way, and sattva means great mind, referring to the great mind for the unexcelled Way. Because this person arouses a great mind to seek the unexcelled Way for the sake of sentient beings, they are called a bodhisattva. Master Dào'ān translates it as "enlightened gentleman" (kāishì) or "initiating gentleman" (shǐshì). It is also translated as "sentient being with the mind of the Great Way"; ancient versions translated it as "lofty gentleman" (gāoshì). Since the different translations vary, the Sanskrit sound should be retained. Now, relying on the Dàzhìdù lùn: bodhi means the Buddha Way; sattva means accomplishing sentient beings. Using the Buddha Way to accomplish sentient beings, one is called a bodhisattva. Moreover, bodhi is one's own practice, and sattva is transforming others; practicing the Buddha Way oneself and also using it to transform others, one is called a bodhisattva. If not like this, what one practices would lack the benefit of wisdom. While all three vehicles are called bodhi, the two vehicles are not called sattva because, lacking compassion to benefit beings, they do not receive this title. Thus, although two syllables are abbreviated, the distinction from the two vehicles is quite evident in meaning. In the Tripiṭaka and Shared teachings, seeing the true is generally called the Way, not sattva. In the Distinct and Complete teachings, seeing the true is like a magnet attracting iron; not only are they called bodhi, but they also receive the name sattva. Thus the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra says: "The one real truth is simply the Great Vehicle. If it is not the Great Vehicle, it is not the one real truth."