維摩經略疏 1.114

1.114

「降伏魔怨」二句，此即傳釋紹隆不斷。只由眾生內有愛結、外有鬼神六天魔王，內有諸見、外有十八六師及九十六種外道，能壞法城，使三寶斷絕。今明菩薩化物，內修禪定伏愛、外用神力降伏魔怨，內以智慧斷結、外則說法制諸外道。內外魔怨既伏，內外外道咸歸，則涅槃城存、三寶不絕，故得紹隆也。若約四教，界內愛見用生無生道諦禪定伏愛、智慧制見，界外愛見則用無量無作道諦定莊嚴伏愛、慧莊嚴制見，故文云「眾魔者樂生死，外道者樂諸見」，菩薩於中不捨不動，故云「眾魔外道皆吾侍也」。若降界內愛見魔外，即護化城涅槃，藏通三寶使不斷絕。若降界外愛見魔外，即護大涅槃城，使別圓三寶不斷絕也。故知並是釋前化他。

The two phrases beginning with "Subduing demonic adversaries": this follows to explain carrying on [the Three Jewels] without interruption. It is solely because sentient beings internally have the fetters of craving and externally have ghosts, spirits, and the māra kings of the six heavens; internally have various views and externally have the eighteen, the six teachers, and the ninety-six kinds of non-Buddhists who can destroy the Dharma city and cause the Three Jewels to be cut off. Now it is explained that when the bodhisattvas transform beings, internally they cultivate dhyāna-concentration to subdue craving, and externally they employ spiritual powers to subdue demonic adversaries; internally they use wisdom to sever fetters, and externally they preach the Dharma to curb the non-Buddhists. With internal and external demonic adversaries subdued, and internal and external non-Buddhists all taking refuge, the city of nirvāṇa is preserved and the Three Jewels are not cut off; therefore they can carry on and exalt them. In terms of the four teachings: for craving and views within the realms, one uses the dhyāna-concentration of the noble truths of the path of arising and non-arising to subdue craving, and wisdom to curb views; for craving and views beyond the realms, one uses the concentration-adornment of the immeasurable and unconditioned noble truths of the path to subdue craving, and the wisdom-adornment to curb views. Therefore the text says: "Māras take pleasure in saṃsāra, while non-Buddhists take pleasure in various views." Bodhisattvas neither abandon them nor are moved within them; hence it says: "All māras and non-Buddhists are my attendants." If one subdues the māras and non-Buddhists of craving and views within the realms, one protects the nirvāṇa of the conjured city, causing the Three Jewels of the Tripiṭaka and Shared [Teachings] not to be cut off. If one subdues the māras and non-Buddhists of craving and views beyond the realms, one protects the city of the Great Nirvāṇa, causing the Three Jewels of the Distinct and Perfect [Teachings] not to be cut off. Hence we know that these both explain the preceding conversion of others.