維摩經略疏 2.63

2.63

問：長爪是後時事。此歎明未轉法輪前已伏外道，是何等外道？答：舊云佛昔為凡夫時，從阿羅邏仙受八禪定。菩薩無心從其學，但為化之。今謂乖偈歎。偈明佛未成道前降魔、成道後伏外道。何得以凡夫時受八禪為伏外道？又恐是如來初成道竟，未轉法輪，乃為提謂長者說於五戒，扶其本習，辨五行六甲、陰陽曆數。其既信伏，令歸依佛法，有當來僧，汝當歸依。長者得初果。佛實無心受行五行六甲，但為摧伏，是故說也。案結集法藏，明從波羅柰至涅槃夜結為修多羅藏，故知伏提謂在轉法輪前。從是已後，皆以不受之法破諸外道，如向所引長爪之類。

Question: Dīrghanakha was an event of a later time. This praise clarifies that before turning the wheel of the Dharma he had already subdued non-Buddhists. Which non-Buddhists were they? Answer: An ancient interpretation says that formerly, when the Buddha was an ordinary person, he received the eight dhyānas and samāpattis from the ṛṣi Ārāḍa. The Bodhisattva had no intention of studying under him, but merely did so to transform him. Now I say this contradicts the praise in the verse. The verse clarifies that before attaining the Way the Buddha subdued Māra, and after attaining the Way he subdued non-Buddhists. How could receiving the eight dhyānas when he was an ordinary person be taken as subduing non-Buddhists? Moreover, it is likely that when the Tathāgata had just completed the Way and had not yet turned the wheel of the Dharma, he expounded the five precepts for the elder Trapuṣa, supporting his innate inclinations by distinguishing the five elements, the six jiǎ, yin and yang, and calendrical reckonings. When he had submitted with faith, [the Buddha] had him take refuge in the Buddha and the Dharma, [saying,] 'There will be a Saṅgha in the future; you should take refuge in it.' The elder attained the first fruit. The Buddha truly had no intention to receive and practice the five elements and the six jiǎ; he spoke of them solely to defeat and subdue [him]. Examining the compilation of the Dharma repository, it clarifies that what was from Vārāṇasī to the night of nirvāṇa was compiled into the Sūtra Piṭaka; hence we know that the subduing of Trapuṣa took place before the turning of the wheel of the Dharma. From that time onward, he refuted all non-Buddhists with the Dharma of non-acceptance, as in the case of Dīrghanakha cited above.