維摩經略疏 2.64

2.64

「三轉法輪」下六行，二、歎聲益，為三：初兩行歎轉法輪，次兩行歎法妙天人受益，後兩行結歎。初言「三轉法輪」者，即是趣波羅奈說生滅四諦也。輪者，佛證四諦法有可轉之義，故名為輪。又解：能壞煩惱名之為輪，如輪王寶能壞怨敵。佛法輪寶能壞煩惱，故名法輪。如來成道經三七日方趣波羅㮈，生生雖不可說，以悉檀方便起天人小機而說四諦，轉入彼心壞彼煩惱，故名轉法輪也。三轉者，一示轉，謂是苦、是集、是滅、是道。二勸轉，謂苦應知、集應斷、滅應證、道應修。三證轉，謂苦我已知、集我已斷、滅我已證、道我已修。初轉示見道，勸轉示修道，證轉示無學道。是三轉十二行法輪，初轉則生眼智明覺。曇無德解三轉不同，事如別明。言「大千」者，即娑婆世界釋迦之土，即轉法輪所化之處。

The six lines beginning with "Threefold turning of the wheel of the Dharma" are, second, the praise of the benefit of the voice, comprising three [parts]: the first two lines praise the turning of the wheel of the Dharma; the next two lines praise the wondrousness of the Dharma and the benefits received by devas and humans; the final two lines conclude the praise. First, "Threefold turning of the wheel of the Dharma" refers to going to Vārāṇasī to expound the Four Truths of arising and ceasing. 'Wheel': the Dharma of the Four Truths realized by the Buddha has the meaning of being capable of being turned; hence it is called a 'wheel'. Another explanation: being able to destroy defilements is termed a 'wheel', just as the treasure of a wheel-turning king is able to destroy enemies. The treasure of the Buddha's Dharma wheel can destroy defilements; hence it is called the Dharma wheel. After the Tathāgata attained the Way, it was only after three times seven days that he proceeded to Vārāṇasī; although the arising of arising is ineffable, through the expedient means of the siddhāntas he aroused the lesser capacities of devas and humans and expounded the Four Truths, turning it into their minds and destroying their defilements; hence it is called 'turning the wheel of the Dharma'. The 'threefold turning' is: first, the turning of demonstration, meaning 'this is suffering, this is accumulation, this is cessation, this is the path'; second, the turning of exhortation, meaning 'suffering should be known, accumulation should be severed, cessation should be realized, the path should be cultivated'; third, the turning of verification, meaning 'suffering I have known, accumulation I have severed, cessation I have realized, the path I have cultivated'. The first turning demonstrates the path of vision; the turning of exhortation demonstrates the path of cultivation; the turning of verification demonstrates the path of non-learning. This is the wheel of the Dharma of three turnings and twelve aspects; with the first turning, vision, knowledge, clarity, and awakening arise. Dharmagupta's explanation of the three turnings is different; the matter is as explained separately. "Great thousand" refers to the Sahā world, the land of Śākyamuni, which is the place transformed by the turning of the wheel of the Dharma.