維摩經略疏 3.5

3.5

二、釋方便義，即為五意：一略釋名、二約教同異、三方便所用法、四約三業所用、五約觀心。

Second, in explaining the meaning of expedient means (upāya), there are five considerations: first, briefly explaining the name; second, treating identity and difference according to the [four] teachings; third, the phenomena employed by expedient means; fourth, treating what is employed according to the three types of karma; and fifth, treating it according to the contemplation of mind.