維摩經略疏垂裕記 1.49

1.49

二、本文，二：初、造疏緣起。「隋煬帝」者，隋凡三主，謂高祖、文帝、煬帝。恭帝後禪于唐。高祖皇考忠周柱國大將軍，封隋國公。文帝既受周禪，於是國號大隋，追尊皇考為武元皇帝。煬者諡號，諡法曰「逆天虐民曰煬」。帝者，《白虎通》曰「德合天地者稱帝」。

Second, the main text, in two parts: first, the circumstances of the commentary's composition. As for "Emperor Yang of the Sui," the Sui had three rulers in all: Gaozu, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Yang. Emperor Gong later abdicated to the Tang. Gaozu's imperial father was Zhong, Grand Pillar of State and General of the Zhou, enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Sui. After Emperor Wen received the abdication of the Zhou, he named the state the Great Sui, posthumously honouring his imperial father as Emperor Wuyuan. "Yang" is a posthumous title; the rules of posthumous names state: "To disobey Heaven and oppress the people is called yang." As for "emperor" (di), the Baihu tong states: "One whose virtue accords with Heaven and Earth is called an emperor (di)."