維摩經略疏垂裕記 1.49

1.49

Second, the main text, in two parts: first, the circumstances of the commentary's composition. As for "Emperor Yang of the Sui," the Sui had three rulers in all: Gaozu, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Yang. Emperor Gong later abdicated to the Tang. Gaozu's imperial father was Zhong, Grand Pillar of State and General of the Zhou, enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Sui. After Emperor Wen received the abdication of the Zhou, he named the state the Great Sui, posthumously honouring his imperial father as Emperor Wuyuan. "Yang" is a posthumous title; the rules of posthumous names state: "To disobey Heaven and oppress the people is called yang." As for "emperor" (di), the Baihu tong states: "One whose virtue accords with Heaven and Earth is called an emperor (di)."