淨名玄論 1.41

1.41

First, explaining the simple catuṣkoṭi: the ninety-six heterodox systems of India, briefly stated, do not go beyond the catuṣkoṭi of persons and dharmas. As for the catuṣkoṭi of persons: Sāṃkhya asserts that the soul (puruṣa) and the skandhas are one; the Vaiśeṣikas hold that the soul and the skandhas are different; the Nirgranthas explain that they are both one and different; and the Jñātiputras say they are neither one nor different. As for the catuṣkoṭi of dharmas, as the Dīrghanakha-sūtra explains: enduring (approving) all dharmas is the view of existence; not enduring any is called clinging to nonexistence; both enduring and not enduring means both existence and nonexistence; neither enduring nor not enduring is called neither existence nor nonexistence. They only explain the meaning of the catuṣkoṭi, but have no tenet of transcending the catuṣkoṭi. Because they have no tenet of transcending the catuṣkoṭi, they lack the Way of nonduality.