淨名玄論 5.41

5.41

Next, regarding subsuming the five cognitions into the two cognitions: first, cognition of the stability of dharmas; second, nirvāṇa cognition; third, cognition of non-contention; fourth, aspiration cognition; fifth, culmination cognition. According to the Hīnayāna Dharma, the cognition of the stability of dharmas means knowing that suffering and origin arise dependently and that all dharmas abide, which is called the cognition of the stability of dharmas. Knowing the path and cessation is called nirvāṇa cognition. Another explanation says: knowing suffering, origin, and the path is called the cognition of the stability of dharmas; knowing the truth of cessation is called nirvāṇa cognition. Causing beings not to give rise to contention is called cognition of non-contention. Aspiration cognition means that all future matters are immediately known, which is called aspiration cognition. As for culmination cognition, the final [moment] of the retribution body is called the culmination. Because the noble person obtains unhindered cognition at will, having sovereignty over prolonging or shortening the retribution body, it is called culmination cognition. In the Hīnayāna, the former two cognitions pertain to both sharp and dull faculties, and all arhats possess them; the latter three are possessed only by sharp-facultied arhats. Furthermore, the former two can arise across all absorptions, while the latter three arise only in the fourth dhyāna. The former two pertain to both defiled and undefiled states, while the latter three are only defiled. The former two can arise in bodies of the three realms, while the latter three arise only in bodies of the three continents of the desire realm. The former two take dharmas of the three realms as their cognitive objects, while the cognition of non-contention takes only the mental states of the desire realm as its object. The five cognitions of the Mahāyāna can arise in all places, all directions, and across all fifty-two stages, and they pertain to both defiled and undefiled states. The five cognitions of the Hīnayāna are all subsumed under the provisional cognition of the Mahāyāna. Among the five cognitions of the Mahāyāna, nirvāṇa is the true Dharma of dharmatā and belongs to real cognition; the remaining four belong to provisional cognition.