說無垢稱經疏 2.12

2.12

贊曰：此顯能說上位功德。轉謂移轉，體即聖道，謂佛昔於他處受得，今為他說，名之為轉。菩薩逐佛，亦能移轉，故名為隨。輪者，摧壞義，破二障故；不定義，而復往故；圓滿義，轂輞輻等皆圓滿故。八聖道具三義，故名為輪。法輪有五：一法輪體，謂八聖道。二法輪因，謂此教及念住等，得聖道因。三法輪眷屬，謂萬行福慧。四法輪果，謂菩提涅槃。五法輪境，謂真俗諦理。轉者動顯運起之義，動宣玄教顯揚妙理，運聖道於聲前、起圓智於言後，故四法寶皆名為轉。不退有二：一已得不退，此初地得，於未得法尚未能修，名之為退。二未得不退，八地方得，於未得法任運能修。今具二不退，要八地後，故能轉之。或四不退：一信不退，十信第六心，不退生邪見。二位不退，謂十住第七住，不退作二乘。三證不退，謂初地上，已證得法，永不退故。四行不退，謂八地上，於一切行不退修故。今隨其位，能轉具足此之四位，四不退轉法要八地後故。

Commentary: This reveals the virtue of being able to expound the higher stages. 'Roll' means to transfer and move, whose essence is the noble path; that is, the Buddha received and attained it in another place in the past and now expounds it for others, which is called 'rolling.' The bodhisattvas, following the Buddha, are also able to transfer and move it, and are therefore called 'in succession.' 'Wheel' has the meaning of crushing and destroying, because it shatters the two obscurations; the meaning of not being fixed, because it moves on; and the meaning of fullness and roundness, because hub, rim, and spokes are all complete. The eightfold noble path possesses these three meanings, and is therefore called a wheel. The Dharma-wheel is fivefold: first, the essence of the Dharma-wheel, meaning the eightfold noble path; second, the cause of the Dharma-wheel, meaning this teaching and the applications of mindfulness, which are causes for attaining the noble path; third, the retinue of the Dharma-wheel, meaning the merit and wisdom of the myriad practices; fourth, the fruit of the Dharma-wheel, meaning bodhi and nirvāṇa; fifth, the sphere of the Dharma-wheel, meaning the principles of ultimate and conventional truths. 'Roll' means to stir, manifest, operate, and raise up—proclaiming the profound teaching to manifest the wondrous principle, setting in motion the noble path prior to sound, and giving rise to perfect wisdom subsequent to speech; therefore, all four treasures of Dharma are called 'rolling.' Non-retrogression is twofold: first, non-retrogression in what has already been attained, which is attained on the first ground; regarding dharmas not yet attained, being not yet able to cultivate them is called retrogression. Second, non-retrogression in what has not yet been attained, which is obtained only on the eighth ground; regarding dharmas not yet attained, being naturally able to cultivate them. Now, possessing both non-retrogressions, which requires being past the eighth ground, one is therefore able to turn it. Alternatively, there are four kinds of non-retrogression: first, non-retrogression of faith, the sixth mind of the ten faiths, not retrogressing into producing wrong views; second, non-retrogression of position, meaning the seventh abode of the ten abodes, not retrogressing into becoming one of the two vehicles; third, non-retrogression of realization, meaning from the first ground upward, dharmas already realized and attained are never retrogressed from; fourth, non-retrogression of practice, meaning from the eighth ground upward, one never retrogresses from cultivating all practices. Now, in accordance with their stage, they are able to roll and be fully endowed with these four stages, because the four non-retrogressing dharmas require being past the eighth ground.