說無垢稱經疏 2.12

2.12

Commentary: This reveals the virtue of being able to expound the higher stages. 'Roll' means to transfer and move, whose essence is the noble path; that is, the Buddha received and attained it in another place in the past and now expounds it for others, which is called 'rolling.' The bodhisattvas, following the Buddha, are also able to transfer and move it, and are therefore called 'in succession.' 'Wheel' has the meaning of crushing and destroying, because it shatters the two obscurations; the meaning of not being fixed, because it moves on; and the meaning of fullness and roundness, because hub, rim, and spokes are all complete. The eightfold noble path possesses these three meanings, and is therefore called a wheel. The Dharma-wheel is fivefold: first, the essence of the Dharma-wheel, meaning the eightfold noble path; second, the cause of the Dharma-wheel, meaning this teaching and the applications of mindfulness, which are causes for attaining the noble path; third, the retinue of the Dharma-wheel, meaning the merit and wisdom of the myriad practices; fourth, the fruit of the Dharma-wheel, meaning bodhi and nirvāṇa; fifth, the sphere of the Dharma-wheel, meaning the principles of ultimate and conventional truths. 'Roll' means to stir, manifest, operate, and raise up—proclaiming the profound teaching to manifest the wondrous principle, setting in motion the noble path prior to sound, and giving rise to perfect wisdom subsequent to speech; therefore, all four treasures of Dharma are called 'rolling.' Non-retrogression is twofold: first, non-retrogression in what has already been attained, which is attained on the first ground; regarding dharmas not yet attained, being not yet able to cultivate them is called retrogression. Second, non-retrogression in what has not yet been attained, which is obtained only on the eighth ground; regarding dharmas not yet attained, being naturally able to cultivate them. Now, possessing both non-retrogressions, which requires being past the eighth ground, one is therefore able to turn it. Alternatively, there are four kinds of non-retrogression: first, non-retrogression of faith, the sixth mind of the ten faiths, not retrogressing into producing wrong views; second, non-retrogression of position, meaning the seventh abode of the ten abodes, not retrogressing into becoming one of the two vehicles; third, non-retrogression of realization, meaning from the first ground upward, dharmas already realized and attained are never retrogressed from; fourth, non-retrogression of practice, meaning from the eighth ground upward, one never retrogresses from cultivating all practices. Now, in accordance with their stage, they are able to roll and be fully endowed with these four stages, because the four non-retrogressing dharmas require being past the eighth ground.