說無垢稱經疏 2.4

2.4

The six pāramitās are analyzed altogether through five gates: 1. Explaining the names; 2. Presenting their essence; 3. Explaining their characteristics; 4. Distinguishing their fruits; 5. The scope of various gates. 1. Explaining the names: In Sanskrit it is *daśa-pāramitā*. *Daśa* means ten; *pāra* means the other shore; *m-ita* means departure and arrival; collectively it means the ten departures and arrivals to the other shore. "Ten" is a number. "The other shore" has five kinds: 1. Objects of knowledge; 2. Teachings; 3. Principle; 4. Practice; 5. Fruit. Because of these ten practices, one can completely comprehend all spheres of emptiness and existence, understand all teachings of the five sciences, penetrate all principles of truth and convention, cultivate all practices of merit and wisdom, and realize all fruits of bodhi; this is called reaching the other shore. Bodhi and the abandonment of bodhi are both called bodhi, because both bodhi and nirvāṇa are called bodhi. If among the five spheres there is even a little that is not exhausted, it is not called reaching the other shore. "Departure" means departing far away: because of these ten practices one can depart from the five skandhas and other dharmas of saṃsāra, and reach the five kinds of other shores of the knowable, they are called the ten pāramitās. This explanation is made in the *Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra*, which is an analysis containing numbers (dvigu-samāsa). Explaining the individual names: being able to tear apart stinginess is called giving, and so forth up to being able to decisively determine the phenomena and principles of all dharmas is called knowledge. Giving is itself a pāramitā, and so on up to knowledge is itself a pāramitā; these are all appositional compounds (karmadhāraya-samāsa).