金光明經文句記 2.88

2.88

二、「過」下，斥人好尚。引滿者，晉左思《蜀都賦》云「合樽促席，引滿相罰，樂飲今夕，一醉累月。」注云：酒將闌故，合併其樽，促近其席。引，持也，持滿以相罰。酒厚樂極，故醉累月。《三國志》魏尚書郎徐邈私飲至沈醉，時科禁酒，校尉趙達問以曹事。邈曰：「中，聖人。」達白之太祖，太祖甚怒，度遼將軍鮮于輔進曰：「醉客謂酒，清者為聖人，濁者為賢人。邈性修慎，偶醉言耳。」竟免刑。晉畢卓為吏部郎，比舍釀酒熟。卓醉後，夜而甕下盜飲之，掌酒者縛之。明旦，乃畢吏部也。自署為酒徒者，以酒徒自號也。如唐元結自號酒徒，皮日休自號醉士之類也。《三國志》吳太中大夫鄭泉，字文淵，陳郡人。博學有奇志，性嗜酒。臨卒，謂同類曰：「必葬我於陶家側，庶百年後化成土，卒見取為酒壺。」竹帛載之者，謂史志皆書其事也。古皆記言事於竹簡繒帛，以未有紙也。後代稱其故實，故謂史籍為竹帛也。古今歌之者，古今之人不斥其失，往往為歌詩以稱美之也。不應作而作者，引滿中聖、酒徒酒壺之事，皆耽湎荒恣，其失大矣。《尚書．酒誥》誡之甚明。而四賢反為之，是君子所不應作之事而作之也。不應歌而歌者，古今之賢當貶其失，而反作歌詩以美之也。若作若歌，非酒之過失而是何耶？

Second, from "Faults" onward, rebukes people's fondness [for drinking]. "Draining the full cups": Zuo Si of the Jin dynasty states in his 'Rhapsody on the Shu Capital': "Uniting the goblets and pressing close the mats, they drain the full cups to penalize one another; delighting in drinking this evening, a single intoxication lasts for successive months." The commentary says: As the banquet draws to an end, they join their goblets and move their mats close together. Yin means to hold; holding the full cups to penalize one another. Because the liquor is rich and the joy supreme, the intoxication lasts for successive months. In the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Xu Miao, a Gentleman of the Masters of Writing of the Wei, privately drank to complete drunkenness. At that time there was a legal ban on alcohol, and Commandant Zhao Da questioned him regarding departmental matters. Miao said: "I have hit upon the sage." Da reported this to Taizu, who was extremely angry. General Crossing the Liao Xianyu Fu stepped forward and said: "Drunkards call clear liquor the 'sage' and turbid liquor the 'worthy.' Miao's nature is cultivated and prudent; these were merely words spoken while accidentally drunk." In the end he was spared punishment. Bi Zhuo of the Jin was a Gentleman of the Bureau of Personnel; his neighbor's brewed liquor had matured. After Zhuo became drunk, he went at night beneath the vat to drink it stealthily, and the one in charge of the wine bound him. The next morning, it turned out to be Gentleman Bi of the Bureau of Personnel! "Designating oneself a tippler": calling oneself a tippler as a sobriquet. Such as Yuan Jie of the Tang calling himself "The Tippler," and Pi Rixiu calling himself "The Drunken Scholar," of this kind. In the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Palace Grandee Zheng Quan of Wu, styled Wenyuan, was a person of Chen commandery. He was erudite and possessed extraordinary ambitions, and was by nature fond of drinking. As he was near death, he said to his peers: "You must bury me beside a potter's workshop, so that after a hundred years when I have turned to earth, I may eventually be taken and made into a wine flagon." "Recorded in bamboo and silk": meaning that historical records all chronicle these matters. In antiquity, words and events were all recorded on bamboo slips and silk fabrics, as paper did not yet exist. Later generations spoke of these ancient anecdotes, and thus historical records are called "bamboo and silk." "Sung in song through ancient and modern times": people of antiquity and today do not censure their faults, but often compose songs and poems to praise them. "Doing what should not be done": the matters of draining the cups, hitting the sage, being a tippler, and the wine flagon were all wallowing in debauchery and unrestrained license; their faults were great indeed! The 'Announcement on Liquor' in the Book of Documents admonishes against this very clearly. Yet these four worthies did it anyway; this is doing what a gentleman should not do. "Singing what should not be sung": the worthies of past and present ought to have deprecated their faults, yet conversely composed songs and poems to praise them. Whether doing or singing—if these are not the faults of liquor, what else are they?