楞伽阿跋多羅寶經註解 4.178

4.178

此徵釋中，別約名相妄想，就凡夫法以示迷相，謂依六塵等俗數名相起諸分別，其心流散妄返，墮我、我所見，希望計著於色，覆障聖智，起貪恚癡，造作諸業，如蠶作繭，妄想自纏，墮於諸趣生死大海。已上迷相，無出三道，文顯可見。如蠶作繭者，喻自纏縛也。如汲井輪者，喻生死輪迴也。如幻、野馬等，喻不知幻性離我、我所也。起於一切不實等，謂名相起諸妄想，妄本不實，起於幻相。幻相本虛，離相所相，亦無生住滅可得，則歸於自心而已。實非自在等邪因所生，凡愚不知，妄取外境，隨諸名相流散耳。

In this questioning and explanation, names, characteristics, and deluded conceptualization are specifically taken up to show the aspects of delusion with reference to ordinary people's phenomena: relying on conventional names and characteristics such as the six sense objects, they give rise to various discriminations; their minds drift and stray, falling into the views of self and what belongs to self, desiring and clinging to form, obscuring noble wisdom, giving rise to greed, anger, and delusion, and creating various karmas, like a silkworm making a cocoon, binding itself in deluded conceptualization, falling into the great ocean of birth and death across the various destinies. The above aspects of delusion do not go beyond the three paths (affliction, karma, suffering), and the text is clearly seen. 'Like a silkworm making a cocoon' is a metaphor for binding oneself. 'Like a well-pulley' is a metaphor for the cycle of birth and death. 'Like illusions, mirages', etc., is a metaphor for not knowing that illusory nature is free from self and what belongs to self. 'They give rise to all manner of unreal...', etc., means that relying on names and characteristics they give rise to various deluded conceptualizations; delusion is fundamentally unreal and arises from illusory characteristics. Illusory characteristics are fundamentally empty, free from characteristic and characterized, nor is there any arising, abiding, or ceasing to be found; they reduce simply to one's own mind. They are truly not produced by erroneous causes such as Īśvara; foolish ordinary people do not understand, mistakenly grasping external objects and drifting in the flow of names and characteristics.