注大乘入楞伽經 10.32

10.32

若約六七八識與二障合辨者，有義八識中唯習氣，末那中唯種子，六識唯現行；或云六七八識，皆通習氣、種子、現行。然此二障俱能障智，通名無明，以是本末二無明故。如《起信論》「依本末相依門以明二障，以無明所起六染心，為煩惱礙（即四住地煩惱），能起染心之無明（根本），名為智礙（無名住地）。」其煩惱礙亦名枝末無明（亦名所知障也）。何以故？以能染境義邊，名為煩惱；以能障智義邊，亦名無明。故《瑜伽論》云「無明有二，若貪等俱者，名相應無明（枝末）；非貪等俱者，名獨行無明（根本），以是主故。」《唯識》又云「不共無明有二：一恒行不共，唯末那有（枝末）；二獨行不共，末那所無（根本）。」

If we analyze the two obstacles in combination with the sixth, seventh, and eighth consciousnesses, one position holds that in the eighth consciousness there are only latent impressions, in the manas there are only seeds, and in the sixth consciousness there are only active manifestations; or it is said that the sixth, seventh, and eighth consciousnesses all encompass latent impressions, seeds, and active manifestations. However, these two obstacles are both able to obstruct wisdom and are collectively called ignorance, because they are the two kinds of ignorance: fundamental and derivative. As the Awakening of Faith says: 'Explaining the two obstacles on the basis of the gateway of the mutual dependence of fundamental and derivative: taking the six defiled minds produced by ignorance as the affliction obstacle (that is, the afflictions of the four resting-grounds), and the ignorance that is able to produce the defiled mind (the fundamental) is called the wisdom obstacle (the resting-ground of ignorance).' The affliction obstacle is also called derivative ignorance (it is also called the cognitive obstacle). Why? Because from the aspect of being able to defile objects, it is called affliction; from the aspect of being able to obstruct wisdom, it is also called ignorance. Thus the Yogācārabhūmi says: 'Ignorance is twofold: that which is associated with greed and so forth is called associated ignorance (derivative); that which is not associated with greed and so forth is called unassociated ignorance (fundamental), because it is the master.' The Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi also says: 'Unshared ignorance is twofold: first, constantly active unshared, which is present only in the manas (derivative); second, independently active unshared, which is absent in the manas (fundamental).'