四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 1.224

1.224

上明攝法分齊，即須明非相。但鈔意為始學人，本令文顯而易見，故不事義章一一分對進不；必欲通明，須看《義鈔》。今直論是非。謂上三法，離則八種，具明別相；若一事差互，不應八條，並入非中，不成羯磨。若欲通知，細尋此門；上下橫括，庶無差貳。問：別人之法，何名羯磨？答：《四分》：三語中，及白衣說法中，言是羯磨。《十誦》：對首心念分衣，佛言是名羯磨。

The scope of valid rites having been explained above, the characteristics of invalidity must now be explained. However, the intention of this manual is for beginners, originally aimed at making the text clear and easy to see; therefore, it does not engage in doctrinal outlines to contrast each point of acceptance and rejection. If one must understand thoroughly, one should consult the *Yichao*. Here, we directly discuss validity and invalidity. That is to say, the above three rites, when separated into eight kinds, have their distinct characteristics fully explained; if a single matter deviates and fails to conform to the eight items, it entirely falls into invalidity, and the karman is not accomplished. If one wishes to know thoroughly, examine this section closely; synthesize it across levels, and hopefully there will be no error. Question: Why are the rites of an individual called karman? Answer: In the *Dharmaguptaka Vinaya*, during the three phrases and when a layperson explains the Dharma, it is said to be a karman. In the *Daśādhyāya-vinaya*, for distributing robes face-to-face or by mental intention, the Buddha said, 'This is called a karman.'