四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 1.431

1.431

二須依止人十種。《四分》云：一和尚命終；二和尚休道；三和尚決意出界；四和尚捨畜眾；五弟子緣離他方；六弟子不樂住處，更求勝緣；七未滿五夏；八不諳教網。文云：若愚癡無智者，盡壽依止。此約行教明之。《十誦》：受戒多歲，不知五法，盡形依止：一不知犯，二不知不犯，三不知輕，四不知重，五不誦廣戒通利。《毘尼母》：若百臘不知法者，應從十臘者依止。《僧祇》中四法：不善知毘尼，不能自立，不能立他，盡形依止。九或愚或智。愚謂性戾癡慢，數犯眾罪；智謂犯已即知，依法懺洗，志非貞正，依止於他。十不誦戒本。《毘尼母》：不誦戒人，若故不誦、先誦後忘、根鈍誦不得者，此三人不得離依止。前之七人未滿五夏，故須依止；若滿不須。後之三人位過五夏，要行德兼備，便息依他。然五歲失依止，約教相而言；據其自行，終須師誨。《律》云：五分法身成立，方離依止。更通諸教，佛亦有師，所謂法也。如是廣說。

Second, there are ten kinds of persons who must rely on another. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: 1. the upādhyāya's life has ended; 2. the upādhyāya abandons the Way; 3. the upādhyāya resolves to leave the boundary; 4. the upādhyāya gives up keeping a community; 5. the disciple has circumstances causing him to depart to another place; 6. the disciple does not delight in the dwelling place and seeks superior circumstances; 7. he has not yet completed five varṣās; 8. he is unversed in the doctrinal net. The text states: 'If one is foolish and without wisdom, one must rely on another for the rest of one's life.' This is explained in terms of doctrinal practice. The Daśādhyāya-vinaya states: 'If one has received the precepts for many years but does not know the five dharmas, one must rely on another for the rest of one's life: 1. not knowing what is an offense; 2. not knowing what is not an offense; 3. not knowing what is light; 4. not knowing what is grave; 5. not reciting the extensive precepts fluently.' The Vinayamātṛkā states: 'If one has one hundred vāsas but does not know the Dharma, one should take reliance from one of ten vāsas.' In the Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya there are four dharmas: 'not knowing the Vinaya well, unable to establish oneself, unable to establish others—one must take reliance for the rest of one's life.' 9. Either foolish or wise: 'foolish' means perverse by nature, obtuse and arrogant, frequently committing various offenses; 'wise' means that as soon as he commits [an offense] he recognizes it and repents and cleanses it according to the rule, yet his resolve is not upright, so he relies on another. 10. Not reciting the prātimokṣa. The Vinayamātṛkā states: 'Among persons who do not recite the precepts, if one deliberately does not recite them, recited them before but forgot later, or has dull faculties and cannot recite them, these three persons may not abandon reliance.' The former seven persons have not yet completed five varṣās, and therefore must rely on another; if they have completed them, they need not. The latter three persons hold status exceeding five varṣās, but they must possess both practice and virtue before they can cease relying on another. However, losing reliance at five years is spoken in terms of the doctrinal rules; in terms of one's own practice, one ultimately requires a master's instruction. The Vinaya states: 'Only when the fivefold Dharmakāya is established may one abandon reliance.' Going further across the various teachings, even the Buddha has a master, namely the Dharma. This is extensively explained in this manner.