四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.17

2.17

三者偷蘭遮聚。《善見》云：偷蘭名大，遮言障善道；後墮惡道，體是鄙穢；從不善體以立名者，由能成初二兩篇之罪故也；又翻為大罪，亦言麁惡。《聲論》云：正音名為薩偷羅。《明了論》解：偷蘭為麁，遮即為過。麁有二種：一是重罪方便，二能斷善根。所言過者，不依佛所立戒而行，故言過也；如牛突籬援破，出家域外故。然過名亦通。此罪最初犯為過，後者從初受名；如後牛隨前者，亦得過界。然偷蘭一聚，罪通正從，體兼輕重；律列七聚六聚，並含偷蘭；或在上下，抑有由也。律中或次僧殘後者，由是戒分所收，罪名重也；如初二篇，遠近方便，及獨頭正罪，破僧盜四之類也。或在提舍尼下，則是威儀所攝，罪名輕也；如第二篇遠方便，及輕獨頭之罪，謂裸身用髮等例是也。然戒與威儀，通別互舉。通則戒，戒並非威儀，皆名犯戒也。若據別以論，上之三篇，過相麁著，能治名戒也；下四過輕，能治之行，名曰威儀。若就均雜往分，前四是均，無非正果；下三為雜，通輕及因；然偷蘭，雜中之重，故在第五也。

The third is the sthūlātyaya category. The Samantapāsādikā states: sthūla means great; atyaya means obstructing the wholesome path; subsequently one falls into evil destinies, its essence being base and vile; establishing the name from its unwholesome essence is because it can complete the offenses of the first two classes; it is also translated as great offense, and also called coarse evil. The Śabdavidyā states: the correct pronunciation is sthūla. The Vinayavibhāṣā explains: sthūla is coarse; atyaya is transgression. There are two kinds of coarseness: first, being the preliminary expedient for a grave offense; second, being able to cut off wholesome roots. What is meant by transgression is not acting in accordance with the precepts established by the Buddha, hence it is called transgression; just like an ox breaking through a fence and hedge, going outside the boundary of the monastic household. However, the name transgression also has a generic meaning. This offense is a transgression when first committed, and subsequent ones take their name from the first; just as a subsequent ox following the former ox also crosses the boundary. However, the single category of sthūlātyaya encompasses offenses both principal and secondary, and its essence combines light and heavy; when the vinaya lists seven categories or six categories, both contain sthūlātyaya; whether placed above or below, there is indeed a reason. In the vinaya, it is sometimes placed next after saṃghāvaśeṣa because it is subsumed under the precept portion, and the offense is termed heavy; such as the distant and proximate preliminaries of the first two classes, as well as independent principal offenses, schism in the saṃgha, stealing four [māṣas], and the like. Sometimes it is placed below pratideśanīya, and then it is subsumed under deportment, and the offense is termed light; such as the distant preliminary of the second class, and light independent offenses, meaning being naked, using hair, and the like. However, precept and deportment are mutually referenced in general and specific terms. In general, they are precepts; when precepts are without deportment, both are called violating precepts. If discussed specifically, the faults of the top three classes are coarse and prominent, and the antidotes are called precepts; the faults of the lower four are light, and the antidotes of conduct are called deportment. If distinguished by uniform and mixed: the first four are uniform, being nothing other than principal karmic results; the lower three are mixed, spanning both light and causal; however, sthūlātyaya is the heaviest among the mixed, so it is in fifth place.