四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.193

3.193

四量是非《四分》：大鉢受三斗，小者受斗半，中品可知。此斗升不定。此律姚秦時譯，彼國用姬周之斗（此斗通國準用，一定不改。量法俗算有八：圭、抄、撮、勺、合、升、斗、解，謂因增法名也）。準唐斗，上鉢受一斗，下者五升。《十誦》斗量同《四分》。又彼律云：下鉢受一鉢他飯，半鉢他羹，餘可食半（《僧祇》：鉢他羅者，受四升也）。《薩婆多》云：鉢量，論師種種異說。然以一義為正，謂一鉢他受十五兩飯。秦秤三十兩飯，是天竺粳米釜飯。時人咸共計議，上鉢受三鉢他飯，一鉢他羹，餘可食者半。三鉢他飯可秦斗二斗，一鉢他羹，可食物半，復是秦斗一斗。上鉢受三斗。律師云：無餘可食物，直言上鉢受三鉢他飯，一鉢他羹；留上空處食，指不觸中。中下二鉢，可以準知。見一肆上好鉢，圓正可愛。律師云：佛初出世，眾僧無鉢，佛勅帝釋，令天巧工，作十萬鉢在世間；肆上鉢者，是彼天鉢，非是人造。《毘尼母》云：不滿斗半，若過三斗者，不成受持。然則諸部定量，雖無一指，然多以三斗、斗半為限。但此器名應器，須依教立。律云：量腹而食，度身而衣，趣足而已。言通增減，必準正教。世執小鉢者多，大者全希；豈非狹局貪著，數受多益之相；既號非法，不合說淨受持。

Fourth, the correctness of capacity: The *Dharmaguptaka-vinaya* says: A large bowl holds three dous, a small one holds a dou and a half, and the medium can be known from this. These dous and sheng are not uniform. This vinaya was translated during the Yao Qin, and that state used the dou of the Ji Zhou (this dou was used as a standard throughout the country, fixed and unvarying. The secular counting methods of measurement have eight units: gui, chao, cuo, shao, he, sheng, dou, and jie, which are names based on multiplicative methods). According to the Tang dou, a bowl of the upper grade holds one dou, and the lower one holds five shengs. The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya*'s dou capacity is the same as the *Dharmaguptaka-vinaya*. That vinaya also says: A lower bowl holds one prastha of boiled rice, half a prastha of soup, and half of other edibles (The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* says: A pātra holds four shengs). The *Sarvāstivāda[-vinaya-vibhāṣā]* says: Regarding the capacity of bowls, treatise masters have various differing opinions; however, one explanation is taken as correct, namely, that one prastha holds fifteen liang of boiled rice. Thirty liang of boiled rice on the Qin scales is a pot of boiled rice of Indian non-glutinous rice. People of the time all conferred and calculated that an upper bowl holds three prasthas of boiled rice, one prastha of soup, and half of other edibles. Three prasthas of boiled rice equal about two Qin dous; one prastha of soup and the other half of edibles equal another Qin dou. The upper bowl holds three dous. The Vinaya master says: Without other edibles, it simply states that an upper bowl holds three prasthas of boiled rice and one prastha of soup, leaving an empty space above while eating so that the fingers do not touch inside. The medium and lower bowls can be inferred from this. He saw a fine bowl in a shop, round, correct, and delightful. The Vinaya master said: When the Buddha first appeared in the world, the saṃgha had no bowls; the Buddha ordered Śakra to have divine craftsmen make one hundred thousand bowls in the world; the bowl in the shop is one of those celestial bowls, not made by human hands. The *Vinayamātṛkā* says: If it is less than a dou and a half, or exceeds three dous, it does not constitute valid holding. Thus, although the fixed capacities across the various schools are not uniform, most take three dous and a dou and a half as the limits. However, this vessel is named 'responsive vessel', and must be established according to the teaching. The Vinaya says: Measure the belly to eat, measure the body to clothe, aiming only at sufficiency. The wording allows for increase and decrease, but it must conform to the correct teaching. In the world today, many hold small bowls, while large ones are utterly rare; is this not a sign of narrowness and greed, repeatedly receiving to increase gain? Since it is called non-Dharma, it is not fit to be declared pure and held.