四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.196

3.196

七明受用行護法。《五百問》云：若一日都不用鉢食，犯墮；重病者開不用。若出界去，經宿不失。《五分》諸比丘鉢中歠粥苦熱，不可捉，聽別作歠粥器。《毘尼母》：不得用麁澡豆洗鉢壞色，當熟擣細物，篩而用之。乃至病亦不得用雜香澡豆洗身。乃至乞食時，各自作鉢絡盛鉢，自持之；因與淨人鉢行乞，外道投藥鉢中，比丘死，便制也。《僧祇》：若洗鉢無坐處者，當僂身踞坐，離地一搩手。不得用灰，令色脫；當取樹葉汁、無沙巨磨（謂牛糞也）。不得臨岸危處。應先洗師鉢，後洗己鉢；不得持己鉢中殘水寫師鉢中。乃至洗訖，當踞坐，持鉢囊帶串臂，著膝上盛之。乃至浣染衣者，先與師染浣；勿以師衣裹己衣漬之。若被綴破鉢，要須食竟解綴淨洗已，曬令燥，還持繩綴，舉著常處；勿在地上；下至無物，以水洒之安設也。《十誦》：鉢是諸佛標誌，不得惡用。新熏鉢穌，著一心三洗，是名淨。又不得日中炙令津出，吉羅。《毘尼母》：不應鉢內洗手，一切處不應用，除病。敬之如目。《五分》：護鉢如眼睛。洗鐵鉢，聽去地一尺，瓦鉢離地五六寸許。宜著好處安置。不得不拭，著日中曝。若安地上、盛宿食、煖湯洗、盛藥，並得罪。《四分》：守護此鉢，不得著瓦石落處、若倚刀杖下、若懸物下、若當道中、若石上、若果樹下、或不平地、若戶限內、戶扉下、若繩床、木床下，除暫著；若床間、床角頭，除暫著。若立盪鉢等，並不合。不得一手捉兩鉢，除指隔中央。或一手捉兩鉢開戶，除用心。乃至足令鉢破等。《僧祇》：惡心破鉢、三衣、塔、像、解界、破僧房等，皆偷蘭（好心壞者，文中並開）。《四分》：不得作非鉢用，一切長物不得內鉢中。若畫鉢中花像、萬字、己名，一切不得。破不得都墁，纏鉢四邊；若口應墁兩分，留一分；若星孔多，應盡墁之（用白鑞、鉛、錫也）。不得著地熏，壞故；應以泥漿灑地安之，若葉、若草上、若鉢支。故壞者，以白鑞墁底。不得雜沙牛屎洗；以器盛水漬牛屎，澄去沙用；以外用葉、用花、若果汁，洗取令去膩。若手執難持，作囊盛，繫口，帶絡肩上；鉢挾掖下，鉢口外向；不爾，作凾盛之；恐相搪者，以衣、樹葉隔之，安置杙上。《五百問》：不得覆鉢壁上，應巾裹懸著壁上。《善見》：瓦鉢帒，串左肩，青色。

Seventh, explaining the rules on using and guarding [the bowl]. The Wubai wen says: "If for an entire day one does not use the bowl to eat, one commits a pāyattika; there is an allowance not to use it for those who are seriously ill. If one goes outside the boundary and stays overnight, one does not forfeit [its possession]." The Pañcavargika says: "When the gruel in the bowls of the bhikṣus was scalding hot and could not be held, [the Buddha] permitted the making of separate gruel-drinking vessels." The Vinayamātṛkā says: "One must not wash the bowl with coarse bath powder, which ruins its color; one must thoroughly pound fine substances and sift them before using them. Even when sick, one must not wash the body with mixed perfumed bath powder. Even when begging food, each shall make a bowl sling to hold the bowl and carry it oneself; because [a bhikṣu] gave his bowl to a kappiyakāraka while walking for alms, and a tīrthika threw poison into the bowl, causing the bhikṣu to die, [the Buddha] then instituted this rule." The Mahāsāṃghika says: "If there is no place to sit when washing the bowl, one should crouch with one's body bent, one span above the ground. One must not use ash, which causes the color to come off; one should take tree leaf juice and sandless gomaya (which refers to cow dung). One must not approach a precipitous cliff edge. One should first wash the master's bowl and afterwards wash one's own bowl; one must not take the residual water in one's own bowl and pour it into the master's bowl. When the washing is finished, one should sit crouching, take the strap of the bowl bag, loop it over the arm, place it on the knees, and insert [the bowl]. When laundering and dyeing robes, first dye and launder for the master; do not wrap one's own robes inside the master's robes to soak them. If one has a broken bowl mended with stitches, when the meal is finished one must unstitch it, wash it clean, dry it in the sun, mend it with cord again, and put it away in its regular place; do not leave it on the ground; if at least there is nothing [to place it on], sprinkle the ground with water and set it down." The Daśādhyāya says: "The bowl is the emblem of the Buddhas; it must not be used unsuitably. When ghee is applied to a newly fired bowl, one must wash it three times with single-minded care, which is called purifying it. Furthermore, one must not heat it in the sun to draw out its moisture, [which is] a duṣkṛta." The Vinayamātṛkā says: "One should not wash one's hands inside the bowl; it should not be used in any such way, except when ill. Revere it like an eye." The Pañcavargika says: "Protect the bowl as one would one's pupils. When washing an iron bowl, it is permitted to be one foot off the ground; an earthenware bowl should be some five or six inches off the ground. It is proper to place it in a good spot. One must not fail to wipe it dry before sunning it in the sunlight. If one places it on the ground, holds overnight food in it, washes it with hot water, or stores medicine in it, one commits an offense in each case." The Dharmaguptaka says: "To guard this bowl, it must not be placed where tiles or stones might fall, leaning beneath a knife or staff, suspended beneath hanging objects, in the middle of a road, on top of a rock, beneath a fruit tree, on uneven ground, inside a door threshold, under a door leaf, or beneath a rope bed or wooden bed, except for temporary placement; nor between beds or at the corner of a bed, except for temporary placement. If one rinses the bowl while standing, it is entirely impermissible. One must not grasp two bowls with one hand, unless fingers intervene between them. Or grasping two bowls with one hand to open a door, unless done with care. This extends to [anything that] might cause the bowl to break with one's feet, and the like." The Mahāsāṃghika says: "To break a bowl, the three robes, a stūpa, an image, dismantle a boundary, or damage a saṃgha room with malice, are all sthūlātyayas (if broken with good intentions, the text allows them all)." The Dharmaguptaka says: "One must not put it to improper uses; no extra goods whatsoever may be placed inside the bowl. Painting flowers, images, the svastika, or one's own name inside the bowl is entirely forbidden. If broken, it must not be entirely smeared, wrapping the four sides of the bowl; if [broken at] the rim, two parts should be smeared, leaving one part; if there are many star-like pinholes, they should all be smeared (using pewter, lead, or tin). It must not be fired on the ground, for it will ruin it; one should sprinkle the ground with mud slurry and place it, or place it on leaves, grass, or a bowl ring. If worn and damaged, smear the bottom with pewter. It must not be washed with cow dung mixed with sand; put water in a vessel to soak the cow dung, settle and remove the sand before using it; externally use leaves, flowers, or fruit juice to wash it and remove greasiness. If it is difficult to hold by hand, make a bag to hold it, tie the opening, and sling the strap over the shoulder; tuck the bowl under the armpit with the opening facing outward; otherwise, make a box to hold it; if one fears collisions, separate them with robes or tree leaves, and hang it on a peg." The Wubai wen says: "One must not turn the bowl upside down against a wall; one should wrap it in a cloth and hang it on the wall." The Samantapāsādikā says: "The earthenware bowl bag loops over the left shoulder and is blue-green in color."